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Preparation for the war of 1914-16 (“landmarks”) 1879: German- Austrian alliance 1891: Franco- Russian alliance 1907: Anglo- Russian alliance |
(Chief) crises in the international policy of the Great Powers after 1870-71: |
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| 1877-78: |
(Liberation of Balkan national states). Turkey plundered (“partitioned”) (by Russia + Britain + Austria). |
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| 1885: |
Russia on the verge of war with Britain. Central Asia plundered (“partitioned”) (by Russia + Britain). |
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| 1895: |
(Sino-Japanese war.) China plundered (“partitioned”). (Ja- pan + Russia + Britain + Germany + France.) |
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| 1898: |
Britain on the verge of war with France (Fashoda). Africa plundered (“partitioned”) |
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| 1904-05: |
(Russo- Japanese war.) China and Korea plundered (“par- titioned’ ) (by Russia and Ja- pan). |
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| 1905: |
Germany on the verge of war with France and Britain. Morocco plundered (“partitioned”). |
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| 1911: |
Germany on the verge of war with France and Britain. Morocco plundered (“partitioned”). Morocco is exchanged for the Congo. |
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N.B. Secret treaty between Russia and Austria, January 15, 1877, for “partition” of Turkey....
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N.B.: 1876: Alexander II asks Bismarck whether Germany would be neutral in a war between Russia and Austria [Egelhaaf, p. 128]. |
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January 10, 1891: British ultimatum to Portugal: Africa plundered (“partitioned”).
1889: Seizure of Samoa islands (jointly by Britain, Germany and the U.S.A.).
1898: Spanish-American war. (Cuba and Philippines plundered.)
1898: Britain and Germany negotiate an alliance against Russia (could not agree!)
October 1898: Anglo-German treaty: Britain and Germany divide Portugal’s colonies between them (“in the event of” her financial bankruptcy)....
1899: “Friction” between Germany, Britain and the U.S.A. over Samoa. Threats of war. Conflict. Treaty “partitioning” the islands: November 14, 1899.
1900: All the powers join to strangle China: Germany + Russia + U.S.A. + Japan + Britain + France.
1903: Debt payments are extorted from Venezuela (by bombardment): Germany + Britain + Italy.
1904: Anglo-French treaty (April 8): Britain and France divide Africa (preparing for war against Germany).
1907: Anglo-Russian treaty (August 31): Britain and Russia divide Persia, Afghanistan, Tibet (preparing for war against Germany).
1908: U.S.-Japanese treaty (November 28) guaranteeing their Pacific “possessions”.
July 1910: Russo-Japanese treaty: Korea “exchanged” for Mongolia!
1911: Russo-German treaty (August 19): A kind of “double insurance” (Baghdad for Persia).
1911: Anglo-Japanese Treaty (Britain to be neutral in a war between Japan and the U.S.A.)... (see Franke in the symposium Germany and the World War).
September 17, 1914: “Treaty” between Russia and “independent” Mongolia. (Mongolia plundered.)
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