中文马克思主义文库 -> 马克思 -> 传记·回忆·评论 -> 玛丽·加布里埃尔《爱与资本:马克思家事》(2012)

注释



  In citing works here,short titles have been used,with full title and publishing details given in the Bibliography.Works or institutions frequently cited have been abbreviated as follows:

  Dessau—Landeshauptarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt Abteilung Dessau
  FE-PL-Friedrich Engels-Paul Lafargue and Laura Lafargue.CorrespondenceVolumes I-III.Moscow:Foreign Languages Publishing House,1959,1960.
  Hamburg—Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg Kulturbehörde Staatsarchiv IISG—Intemnationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis,Amsterdam KMI—McLellan,David(ed.),Karl Marx,Interviews &Recollections.London:Macmillan,1981.
  MECW—Karl Marx and Frederick Engels.Collected Works,Volumes I-50.Moscow,London,New York:Progress Publishers,Intermational Publishers,and Lawrence &Wishart,1975-2004.
  MEGA—Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.Historisch-kritische Gesamtausgabe.Werke,Schriften,Briefe.Berlin:Akademie Verlag,1927-ongoing.
  Moscow-Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv sotsial'no -politicheskoi istorii,MoscowREM—Reminiscences of Marxr and Engels.Moscow:Foreign Language Publishing House,1970.

序幕:1851年,伦敦


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 16,489.
  〔2〕Henry Mayhew,London Labour and the London Poor,167.
  〔3〕MECW,Volume 38,325;MEGA,III,Band 4,85-86.

第一部分 马克思和男爵的女儿


1 私定终身


  〔1〕Honoré de Balzac,Gambara,84.
  〔2〕Robert Payne,Marx:A Biography,25.
  〔3〕H.F.Peters,Red Jenny,5.
  〔4〕历史学家戴维 ·卡吉尔追溯燕妮的家族史时,认为燕妮-家源自首任阿盖尔伯爵科林,后者同时拥有坎贝尔爵士封号。不过,卡吉尔认为,燕妮一家与阿奇博尔德·阿盖尔并非直系亲属,虽然燕妮一家坚持如此认为。来源: Robert Payne,Marx,26-27,557.
  〔5〕Peter Stearns,1848:The Revolutionary Tide in Europe,232-233.
  〔6〕Peters,Red Jenny,15,18;Ferdinand von Westphalen to Wilhelm von Flourencourt,Nov.26,1830,Dessau.
  〔7〕Isaiah Berlin,The Roots of Romanticism,8-9,13.
  〔8〕E.H.Car,Michael Bakunin,14.
  〔9〕Berlin,Roots of Romanticism,70-71.
  〔10〕Peters,Red Jenny,15.
  〔11〕Steven Ozment,A Mighty Fortress,157,159.
  〔12〕Isaiah Berlin,Karl Marx:His Life and Environment,29-32;Isaiah Berlin,Political Ideas in the Romantic Age,80.
  〔13〕Eric Hobsbawm,The Age of Revolution,1789-1848,35.
  〔14〕Peters,Red Jenny,1,8;Robert Payne,Marx,28.
  〔15〕R.J.W.Evans and Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann(eds.),The Revolutions in Europe,1848-49,14;Paul Lafargue,The Right to Be Lazy,77-78; Hobsbawm,Age of Revolution,139-140.
  〔16〕Alexis de Tocqueville,The Recollections of Alexis de Tocqueville,66-67.
  〔17〕Hobsbawm,Age of Revolution,140;Tocqueville,Recollections,2-3.
  〔18〕Hobsbawm,Age of Revolution,146.
  〔19〕Ozment,Mighty Fortress,169;Carl Schurz,The Reminiscences of Carl Schur,Volume l,1829-1852,104-105.
  〔20〕MECW,Volume 6,21-22.
  〔21〕John Breuilly(ed.),19th-Century Germany,113.
  〔22〕John Breuilly,Austria,Prussia and Germany,1806-1871,30.
  〔23〕Theodore S.Hamerow,Restoration,Revolution,Reaction,34.
  〔24〕Jerrold Seigel,Marx's Fate,40-41.
  〔25〕Peters,Red Jenny,15.
  〔26〕Robert Payne,Marx,23-24.
  〔27〕Wilhelm Liebknecht,Karl Marx:Biographical Memoirs,65.
  〔28〕Oscar J.Hammen,The Red 48ers,9.
  〔29〕Wemer Blumenberg,Karl Marx:An Illustrated History,6..
  〔30〕Ibid.,6-7;David McLellan,Karl Marx:A Biography,2-3;Saul K .Padover,Karl Marx:An Intimate Biography,2-3.
  〔31〕Blumenberg,IIlustrated,7;Jonathan Sperber(ed.),Germany,1800- 1870,183.
  〔32〕亨利希·马克思接受法律培训的具体情况,以及他成为律师的年份,均无从知晓。来源:McLellan,Karl Marx,4;Berlin,Karl Marx,23;Padover,Karl Marx,4.
  〔33〕Eleanor Marx to “Comrade,”Oct.1,1893,Moscow;Liebknecht,Karl Marx,163.
  〔34〕Boris Nicolaievsky and Otto Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx:Man and Fighter,4.
  〔35〕McLellan,Karl Marx,4;Blumenberg,Illustrated,9;Berlin,Karl Marx,17-20;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,4.
  〔36〕Padover,Karl Marx,5-6.
  〔37〕McLellan,Karl Marx,5;Blumenberg,Ilustrated,10;Padover,Karl Marx,18.
  〔38〕Padover,Karl Marx,17.
  〔39〕McLellan,Karl Marx,1.
  〔40〕Berlin,Karl Marx,23.
  〔41〕Ibid.,21;Padover,Karl Marx,7;S.L.Gilman,“Karl Marx and the Secret Language of Jews,"31.
  〔42〕McLellan,Karl Marx,4.
  〔43〕Blumenberg,Illustrated,13.
  〔44〕Hammen,Red 48ers,16.
  〔45〕Sperber(ed.),Germany,1800-1870,150.
  〔46〕Fritz J.Raddatz,Karl Marx:A Political Biography,11;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,13.
  〔47〕McLellan,Karl Marx,6;Blumenberg,Illustrated,10;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,9;James M.Brophy,Popular Culture and the Public Spherein the Rhineland,1800-1850,100-101.
  〔48〕Hal Draper and E.Haberkern,Karl Marx's Theory of Revolution,Volume V:War &Revolution,20.
  〔49〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,8.
  〔50〕Emst Pawel,The Poet Dying,8.
  〔51〕MECW,Volume 1,4-9.

2 学术与诗歌里的大学时光


  〔1〕Friedrich von Schiller,The Robbers,14.
  〔2〕McLellan,Karl Marx,13-14;Padover,Karl Marx,23,28;Robert Payne,Karl Marx,42,44;MECW,Volume 1,689.
  〔3〕MECW,Volume 1,646.
  〔4〕Ibid,651.
  〔5〕Ibid,648.
  〔6〕MECW,Volume 1,657-658.
  〔7〕Francoise Giroud,Jenny Marx ou la femme du diable,33.
  〔8〕MECW,Volume 1,698.
  〔9〕Brophy,Popular Culture and the Public Sphere,271.
  〔10〕Giroud,Femme du diable,24;Hobsbawm,Age of Revolution,283.
  〔11〕MECW,Volume 1,689.
  〔12〕Padover,Karl Marx,31.
  〔13〕McLellan,Karl Marx,15,19;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,29;Padover,Karl Marx,32;Robert Payne,Karl Marnx,47.
  〔14〕Sperber(ed.),Germany,1800-1870,150.
  〔15〕MECW,Volume 1,688.
  〔16〕Ibid.,11-21.
  〔17〕Robert Payne,Karl Marx,49.
  〔18〕MECW,Volume 1,18-19.
  〔19〕MECW,Volume 25,24.
  〔20〕Eric Hobsbawm,The Age of Capital,1848-1875,48,75;J.M.Roberts,A History of Europe,327-328;Hobsbawm,Age of Revolution,46,61,340.
  〔21〕Hobsbawm,Age of Revolution,304;Hammen,Red 48ers,18;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,33;McLellan,Karl Marx,26.
  〔22〕MECW,Volume 1,664-665.
  〔23〕Ibid.,517-528.
  〔24〕Ibid.,666-667.
  〔25〕Ibid.,670-671.
  〔26〕Franz Mehring,Karl Marx:The Story of His Life,9.
  〔27〕Harmmen,Red 48ers19-20;Robert PayneKarl Marx,79.
  〔28〕Ozment,Mighty Fortress,187;Leszek Kolakowski,Main Currents of Marxism,Volume I,The Founders,88;Seigel,Marxs Fate,77.
  〔29〕KMIR,3.
  〔30〕MECW,Volume 1,674-675.
  〔31〕Ibid.,686-688.
  〔32〕Ibid.,691-692.
  〔33〕Jenny von Westphalen to Karl Marx,after May 10,1838,Moscow.
  〔34〕Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Studienzentrum,Karl-Marx-Haus,Trier.
  〔35〕McLellan,Karl Marx,27-28.

3 24岁的《莱茵报》主编


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 1,707.
  〔2〕Ibid.,704.
  〔3〕Giroud,Femme du diable,38;Peters,Red Jenny,26;Robert Payne,Karl Marx,89.
  〔4〕MECW,Volume 1,696-697.
  〔5〕Ibid.,698.
  〔6〕Schurz,Reminiscences,106-107;Hammen,Red 48ers,23;Breuilly,Austria,Prussia and Germany,29,33.
  〔7〕Schurz,Reminiscences,106-107.
  〔8〕Berlin,Karl Marx,47.
  〔9〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,41.
  〔10〕MECW,Volume 1,379;McLellan,Karl Marx,33;Francis Wheen,Karl Marx:A Life,33.
  〔11〕MECW,Volume 1,27-28.
  〔12〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,41,47;Mehring,Karl Marx,32;Hammen,Red 48ers,27;McLellan,Karl Marx,42.
  〔13〕John Breuilly(ed.),19th-Century Germany,99.
  〔14〕Lenore O'Boyle,"The Democratic Left in Gemany,1848,"379-380.
  〔15〕Ibid.,379.
  〔16〕McLellan,Karl Marx,32;Luc Somerhausen,L'Humanisme Agissant de Karl Marx,10.
  〔17〕Robert-Jean Longuet,Karl MarxMon Arrière-Grand-Père,70.
  〔18〕Padover,Karl Marx,19.
  〔19〕Karl Marxto Amold Ruge,May 1843,MEGA,Ⅲ,Band 1,48-53.
  〔20〕Sperber(ed.),Germany,1800-1870,53.
  〔21〕McLellan,Karl Marx,34.
  〔22〕MECW,Volume 1,707.
  〔23〕Ibid.,709.
  〔24〕Ibid.,707.
  〔25〕Giroud,Femme du diable,39-40.
  〔26〕Jenny von Westphalen to Karl Marx,Sept.13,1841,MEGA,Ⅲ,Band 1,366-368.
  〔27〕Longuet,Karl Marx,74;McLellan,Karl Marx,35.
  〔28〕Padover,Karl Marx,60-61;MECW,Volume 1,109.
  〔29〕根据法律,检查员可以强迫出版商开除被认定为不可信任的编辑,即便不开除,也要有措施防范他们违反相关规定。来源:MECW,Volume 1,116,119,120,123,125,131.
  〔30〕McLellan,Karl Marx,35;Hammen,Red 48ers,19-20;Sperber(ed.),Germany,1800-1870,193.
  〔31〕McLellan,Karl Marx,61;Giroud,Femme du diable,45;Peters,Red Jenny,30;Padover,Karl Marx,73;Robert Payne,Karl Marx,89.
  〔32〕McLellan,Karl Marx,37-38.
  〔33〕Ibid.,38;Berlin,Karl Marx,54.
  〔34〕McLellan,Karl Marx,38;Stearns,1848,56;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,47-48,50.
  〔35〕MECW,Volume 11,8-9;Hamerow,Restorarion,Revolution,Reaction,7,61-62.
  〔36〕Padover,Karl Marx,65.
  〔37〕Brophy,Popular Culture and the Public Sphere,49,162.
  〔38〕MECW,Volume 1,155,162.
  〔39〕KMIR,2.
  〔40〕McLellan,Karl Marx,41.
  〔41〕MECW,Volume 1,389.
  〔42〕McLellan,Karl Marx,42-43.
  〔43〕MECW,Volume 1,392.
  〔44〕Ibid.,220.
  〔45〕KMIR,3.
  〔46〕Ibid.,5.
  〔47〕McLellan,Karl Marx,44.
  〔48〕Hammen,Red 48ers,28.
  〔49〕MECW,Volume 1,394.
  〔50〕Ibid.,395.
  〔51〕Izumi Omura,Valerij Fomicev,Rolf Hecker,and Shun-ichi Kubo (eds.),Familie Marx privat,416;Padover,Karl Marx,72.
  〔52〕MECW,Volume 50,497.
  〔53〕McLellan,Karl Marx,46;Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,51;Hamerow Restoration,Revolution,Reaction,17,19,47,52.
  〔54〕MECW,Volume 1,234,254.
  〔55〕Ibid.,340,342.
  〔56〕McLellan,Karl Marx,48-50.
  〔57〕Peters,Red Jenny,36.
  〔58〕MECW,Volume 1,396-398;McLellan,Karl Marx,47.
  〔59〕McLellan,Karl Marx,50;Peters,Red Jenny,38;Berlin,Karl Marx,56; Wheen,Karl Marx,12.
  〔60〕Padover,Karl Marx,69;McLellan,Karl Marx,50.
  〔61〕MECW,Volume 1,397-398.

4 在克罗茨纳赫终成眷属


  〔1〕Pawel,Poet Dying,271.
  〔2〕MECW,Volume 3,572.
  〔3〕Ibid.,134;Longuet,Karl Marx,82.
  〔4〕MECW,Volume 1,728.
  〔5〕Longuet,Karl Marx,85;Maenchen-Helfen and Nicolaievsky,Karl und Jenny Marx:Ein Lebensweg.
  〔6〕Armold Ruge to Karl Marx,Aug.10,1843,MEGA,III,Band I,409-410. 〔7〕McLellan,Karl Marx,61.
  〔8〕MECW,Volume 1,399.
  〔9〕Ibid.,728.
  〔10〕Berlin,Roots of Romanticism,94.
  〔11〕MECW,Volume 3,573-574.
  〔12〕Giroud,Femme du diable,52-53;Robert Payne,Karl Marx,92.
  〔13〕MECW,Volume 1,729.
  〔14〕REM,279;Padover,Karl Marx,76;McLellan,Karl Marx,62.
  〔15〕Raddatz,Karl Marx,77;Peters,Red Jenny,41.
  〔16〕MECW,Volume 3,175,187;Padover,Karl Marx,79;Seigel,Marx's Fate,106-107.
  〔17〕Giroud,Femme du diable,53-54.
  〔18〕Berlin,Karl Marx,59.
  〔19〕Hammen,Red 48ers,24;McLellan,Karl Marx,63-64.
  〔20〕McLellan,Karl Marx,64-65;Breuilly(ed.),19th-Century Germany,46.
  〔21〕Padover,Karl Marx,79.
  〔22〕Karl Marx to Amold Ruge,Sept.1843,MEGA,III,Band I,54-57.

第二部分 流亡的一家


5 巴黎的激情岁月


  〔1〕Karl Marxto Amold Ruge,Sept.1843,MEGA,III,Band 1,54-57.
  〔2〕Francois Fejtö (ed.),The Opening of an Era:1848,72-75;Somerhausen,L'Humanisme,51-52,54.
  〔3〕Edith Thomas,The Women Incendiaries,3;Hammen,Red 48ers,80.
  〔4〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,66;Pavel Annenkov,The Extraordinary Decade,63.
  〔5〕Fejtö(ed.),Opening ofan Era,75.
  〔6〕KMIR,7;McLellan,Karl Marx,73.
  〔7〕KMIR,6-7.
  〔8〕REM,82.
  〔9〕Peters,Red Jenny,44-45;Hammen,Red 48ers,64.
  〔10〕Carr,Michael Bakunin,117;Peters,Red Jenny,45.
  〔11〕Hobsbawm,Age of Revolution,316-317;Hal Draper,Karl Marx's Theory of Revolution,Volume 1,State and Bureaucracy,136-137.
  〔12〕Hobsbawm,Age of Revolution,151,324.
  〔13〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Karl Kautsky,Sept.7,1895,Moscow; Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,72.
  〔14〕Robert Payne,The Unknown Karl Marx,97-100.
  〔15〕Pawel,Poet Dying,5-7,13,68;Robert Payne,Unknown Marx,97-100
  〔16〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Karl Kautsky,Sept.7,1895,Moscow.
  〔17〕Hammen,Red 48ers,70-71;McLellan,Karl Marx,73.
  〔18〕McLellan,Karl Marx,88-89;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,69;Padover,Karl Marx,87.
  〔19〕出自燕妮在1865年写的回忆录。回忆录没能完成,只是一些零散的笔记,直到1965年才被整理成书出版。来源:KMIR,19 .
  〔20〕Hammen,Red 48ers,79;McLellan,Karl Marx,89;Somerhausen L’Humanisme,26;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,70;Mehring,Karl Marx,62.
  〔21〕McLellan,Karl Marx,88;Mehring,Karl Marx,67.
  〔22〕McLellan,Karl Marx,80.
  〔23〕MECW,Volume 3,187.
  〔24〕McLellan,Karl Marx,77;MECW,Volume 3,147-148,173-174.
  〔25〕Hammen,Red 48ers,79;McLellan,Karl Marx,90;Raddatz,Karl Marx,47.
  〔26〕McLellan,Karl Marx,89;Hammen,Red 48ers,79;Padover,Karl Marx,87;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,70.
  〔27〕McLellan,Karl Marx,89;Padover,Karl Marx,87.
  〔28〕Raddatz,Karl Marx,47.
  〔29〕KMIR,8-9.
  〔30〕MECW,Volume 11,264-266.
  〔31〕马克思家的女儿全都根据母亲的名字,取名“燕妮”,比如燕妮·茱莉亚·琳娜和燕妮·劳拉,但只有大女儿使用了“燕妮”这个正式名字,另外两个女儿的正式名字分别是“爱琳娜”和“劳拉”。来源:The other daughters were formally known as Eleanor and Laura.Omura,Fomicev,Hecker,and Kubo(eds.),Familie Marx privat,447.
  〔32〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Karl Kautsky,Sept.7,1895,Moscow.
  〔33〕MECW,Volume 1,581-584 and Volume 3,581.

6 爱情的组带


  〔1〕Carr,Michael Bakunin,137.
  〔2〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,82.
  〔3〕宴会人数众多,有来自俄国的米哈伊尔·巴枯宁、格里戈里·托尔斯泰伯爵和谢尔盖·博特金医生,来自法国的社会主义报人路易·勃朗和皮埃尔·勒鲁,以及来自德国的卢格、贝尔奈斯和马克思。来源: Raddatz,Karl Marnx,53;Somerhausen,L’Humanisme,26;Carr,Michael Bakunin,126.
  〔4〕K.J.Kenafick,Michael Bakunin andKarl Marx.15;Carr,Michael Bakunin,3,5,18,86,90,94 .
  〔5〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,54.
  〔6〕Carr,Michael Bakunin,167.
  〔7〕Ibid.,129.
  〔8〕KMIR,11.
  〔9〕Steans,1848,27,50,60-61;Amold Whitridge,Men in Crisis,50-51.
  〔10〕Stearns,1848,27,50.
  〔11〕Hammen,Red 48ers,90;Steams,1848,46-47;Roberts,History of Europe,338-339;Evans and von Strandmann (eds.),Revolutions in Europe,1848-49 10.
  〔12〕Berlin,Karl Marx,9-10.
  〔13〕McLellan,Karl Marx,79-80;Padover,Karl Marx,91;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,79.
  〔14〕恩格斯说同盟与法国秘密组织四季社联系紧密,后者的领袖是革命经历丰富的奥古斯特·布朗基和阿蒙· 巴尔贝斯。来源:Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels,The Cologne Communist Trial,39-40.
  〔15〕MECW,Volume 3,313.
  〔16〕马克思研究的经济学家包括大卫·李嘉图、亚当·斯密和让—巴蒂斯特。马克思的《1844年经济学哲学手稿》奠定了他一生研究工作的基础,最终促成了《资本论》的面世。来源: MECW,Volume 3,xvi-xvii,270-273;McLellan, Karl Marx,94-98.
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 3,324.
  〔18〕Ibid.,273.
  〔19〕Hobsbawm,Age of Revolution,212;Fejtō(ed.),Opening of an Era,68-69.
  〔20〕Fejto(ed.),Opening of an Era,75.
  〔21〕McLellan,Karl Marx,103-104 .
  〔22〕Pawel,Poet Dying,126.
  〔23〕MECW,Volume 3,313.
  〔24〕Draper,Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution,174-175,177;Hamerow,Restoration,Revolution,Reaction,35.
  〔25〕Longuet,Karl Marx,107;Hammen,Red 48ers,82;McLellan,Karl Marx,103-104;Brophy,Popular Culture and the Public Sphere,87.
  〔26〕MECW,Volume 38,64;Raddatz,Karl Marx,53;Carr,Michael Bakunin,125.
  〔27〕MECW,Volume 20,28;McLellan,Karl Marx,103-104;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,81;Hammen,Red 48ers,82;Whitridge,Men in Crisis,196-197.
  〔28〕MECW,Volume 4,24 and Volume 20,28;McLellan,Karl Marx,117.
  〔29〕Wheen,Karl Marx,67.
  〔30〕法国周边的君主国家认为巴黎的民主令人恐惧(当时有作家描述说巴黎“肆无忌惮且满是革命论调”),并派了大量间谍来加以控制。来源: The Extraordinary Decade,63;Robert Payne,Karl Marx,106.
  〔31〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,81-82.
  〔32〕MECW,Volume 3,576-579.
  〔33〕还有说法称刺客的动机是不满国王没有倾听他对腐败的控诉。枪手原来在一个村庄做邮递员,也算吃过公家饭,后被吊死。来源: He was exe- cuted.Brophy,Popular Culture and the Public Sphere,85.)
  〔34〕MEGA,I,Band 2,501.
  〔35〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,82-83.
  〔36〕Somerhausen,L’Humanisme,69.
  〔37〕MECW,Volume 3,582-583.

7 初遇一生的守护者


  〔1〕Wheen,Karl Marx,17.
  〔2〕McLellan,Karl Marx,95,115.
  〔3〕bid.,116;Seigel,Marx's Fate,147.
  〔4〕KMIR,5.
  〔5〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,44.
  〔6〕Gustav Mayer,Friedrich Engels:A Biography,3-4;Terrell Carver Engels:A Very Short Introduction,5;Carver,Friedrich Engels:His Life and Thought3.
  〔7〕MECW,Volume 2,582.
  〔8〕Carver,Engels,Short Introduction,3;Seigel,Marx's Fate,148.
  〔9〕Mayer,Friedrich Engels,9-10;Engels,The Condition of the Working Class in England,x;Hammen,Red 48ers,30.
  〔10〕MECW,Volume 2,511-512.
  〔11〕Ibid.,525.
  〔12〕Carver,Friedrich Engels,31;Carver,Engels,Short Introduction,3; Yelena Stepanova,Frederick Engels,22.
  〔13〕MECW,Volume 2,9.
  〔14〕Ibid.,10.
  〔15〕Carver,Friedrich Engels,146.
  〔16〕MECW,Volume 2,493.
  〔17〕Stepanova,Frederick Engels,17.
  〔18〕Ibid.,19;Hammen,Red 48ers,35-36;Mayer,Friedrich Engels,19; Carver,Friedrich Engels,64;Hammen,Red 48ers,36.
  〔19〕Mayer,Friedrich Engels,26;Hammen,Red 48ers,39.
  〔20〕Mayer,Friedrich Engels,4.
  〔21〕Ibid.,30;Carver,Friedrich Engels,96-97.
  〔22〕John Smethurst,Edmund Frow,and Ruth Frow,"Frederick Engelsand the English Working Class Movement in Manchester,1842-1844,"340-341.
  〔23〕Ibid.,341.
  〔24〕Ibid,342.
  〔25〕Edmund Frow and Ruth Frow,Frederick Engelsin Manchester,9,11; Eleanor Marx Aveling to Karl Kautsky,Mar.15,1898,Moscow.
  〔26〕Engels,Condition of the Working Class,61,63,65,66.
  〔27〕Ibid.,91.
  〔28〕Ibid.,148.
  〔29〕Smethurst,Frow,and Frow,"Frederick Engels and the English Working Class Movement,”342.
  〔30〕Mayer,Friedrich Engels,44;Mick Jenkins,Frederick Engels in Manchester,16.
  〔31〕Smethurst,Frow,and Frow,"Frederick Engelsand the English Working Class Movement,"343-344.
  〔32〕Carver,Friedrich Engels,110-111;Hammen,Red 48ers,77.
  〔33〕MECW,Volume 4,8.
  〔34〕McLellan,Karl Marx,118.
  〔35〕Giroud,Femme du diable,62.
  〔36〕McLellan,Karl Marx,116-117.
  〔37〕MECW,Volume 4,55-76.
  〔38〕MECW,Volume 38,9-10.
  〔39〕Ibid.,4,17-18.
  〔40〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,83-84.
  〔41〕REM,222.
  〔42〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,84.
  〔43〕Ibid.,84-85.
  〔44〕REM,222.
  〔45〕MECW,Volume 38,525-526.
  〔46〕REM,222.

8 幸福的婚姻


  〔1〕McLellan,Karl Marx,143.
  〔2〕Fejtö(ed.),Opening of an Era,161;Robert Payne,Karl Marx,118.
  〔3〕MECW,Volume 4,675.
  〔4〕Ibid.,676-677.
  〔5〕Somerhausen,L’Humanisme,76.
  〔6〕Ibid.,75;Raddatz,Karl Marx,284.
  〔7〕Longuet,Karl Marx,114.
  〔8〕Ibid.,118.
  〔9〕McLellan,Karl Marx,141;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,99-100.
  〔10〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,100;Peters,Red Jenny,62-63.
  〔11〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,100.
  〔12〕McLellan,Karl Marx,129;Fejtō(ed.),Opening of an Era,57;KMIR 20;Robert Payne,Karl Marx,118-119.
  〔13〕MECW,Volume 38,21-22;McLellan,Karl Marx,130;Longuet,Karl Marx,118.
  〔14〕KMIR,20;McLellan,Karl Marx,130;Longuet,Karl Marx,118.
  〔15〕KMIR,5-6.
  〔16〕直到1852年赫斯才结婚,这时候他的父亲已经去世了。来源:Shlomo Avineri,Moses Hess,16;Longuet,Karl Marx,118.
  〔17〕KMIR,20.
  〔18〕Peters,Red Jenny,60;McLellan,Karl Marx,129-130;Edna Healey,Wives of Fame,78.
  〔19〕KMIR,20;Peters,Red Jenny,60.
  〔20〕KMIR,60;Valerij Fomičev,"Helene Demuth Without Brethren,"970; Peters,Red Jenny,61.
  〔21〕McLellan,Karl Marx,130;Longuet,Karl Marx,119;Mayer,Friedrich Engels,66.
  〔22〕MECW,Volume 38,9-10.
  〔23〕Ibid.,19-20.
  〔24〕Ibid.,10-11,28-29.
  〔25〕Ibid.,572(n)
  〔26〕Mayer,Friedrich Engels,65.
  〔27〕MECW,Volume 38,13.
  〔28〕McLellan,Karl Marx,130.
  〔29〕MECW,Volume 38,19.
  〔30〕McLellan,Karl Marx,143;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,133.
  〔31〕Longuet,Karl Marx,120.
  〔32〕Whitridge,Men in Crisis,293.
  〔33〕Stearns,1848,31-32;Hobsbawm,Age of Revolution,64;Roberts,History of Europe,14.
  〔34〕Hamerow,Restoration,Revolution,Reaction,81.
  〔35〕Stearns,1848,28;Roberts,History of Europe,221,913.
  〔36〕Hobsbawm,Age of Revolution,169;Fejtǒ(ed.),Opening of an Era,24.
  〔37〕Evans and von Strandmann(eds.),Revolutions in Europe,1848-49,3; Derek Offord,Nineteenth-Century Russia,20.
  〔38〕Annenkov,Extraordinary Decade,62.
  〔39〕Offord,Nineteenth-Century Russia,10;Hobsbawm,Age of Revolution160,162.
  〔40〕Fejtö(ed.),Opening of an Era,60.

9 英国见闻


  〔1〕Mayhew,London Labour and the London Poor,296.
  〔2〕MECW,Volume 5,3;McLellan,Karl Marx,131-132.
  〔3〕MECW,Volume 5,5.
  〔4〕McLellan,Karl Marx,130.
  〔5〕G.D.H.Cole and Raymond Postgate,The British Common People 1746- 1946,302,305;Steans,1848,22.
  〔6〕McLellan,Karl Marx,133;"On Your Marx,"The Guardian,London,Feb. 4,2006,31;MECW,Volume 38,574.
  〔7〕Mayhew,London Labour and the London Poor,12-13,15;Engels,Condition of the Working Class,80,84.
  〔8〕Engels,Condition of the Working Class,61,72-73.
  〔9〕Ibid.,78-80.
  〔10〕Ibid.,153;Stephen Halliday,TheGreat Filth,43.
  〔11〕在描述马克思和恩格斯的1845年曼彻斯特之旅时,马克思传记作家一般侧重讲二人在图书馆里研究经济学,却忽视了切身感受的曼彻斯特生活 对马克思的影响。这在部分上是因为恩格斯在多年后谈到这次曼彻斯特之行时,提到了他和马克思待在切特姆图书馆的时光。除此之外,再无其他关于他们这次旅程的记述。虽然并无信件表明他们有玛丽·白恩士陪同,但考虑到这是马克思第一次来到资本主义世界的中心城市,他们没有理由不让她来带他们看一看这座城市的工人阶级社区。马克思已经研究过众多经济学家的思想,却还未曾亲眼看到这些经济学家拥护的制度带来的社会苦难,很难想象他会错过这次难得的机会。回到布鲁塞尔后,马克思不再耐心于理论研究,对待其他社会主义者也变得更加强硬,这些都说明他在曼彻斯特定然不是仅仅待在舒适的图书馆 里看书。
  〔12〕Engels,Condition of the Working Class,36-37,40.
  〔13〕Ibid.,58-59.
  〔14〕Mayhew,London Labour and the London Poor,57-58.
  〔15〕Robert Winder,Bloody Foreigners,196-197.
  〔16〕Engels,Condition of the Working Class,40.
  〔17〕Mayhew,London Labour and the London Poor,111,118.
  〔18〕Ibid.,167,476.
  〔19〕McLellan,Karl Marx,133;Hammen,Red 48ers,119.
  〔20〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,40-41.
  〔21〕Ibid.,41.
  〔22〕MECW,Volume 26,315-317;Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,42-43.
  〔23〕E.P.Thompson,The Making of the nglish Working Class,17-19.
  〔24〕Cole and Postgate,British Common People,196.
  〔25〕Ibid.,202-203,214.
  〔26〕Ibid.,249,258;Francis Sheppard,London 1808-1870,320-321.
  〔27〕Cole and Postgate,British Common People,261-262.
  〔28〕Thompson,English Working Class,194,822.
  〔29〕A.N.Wilson,The Victorians,43;Kenneth Morgan,The Birth of Industrial Britain,84;Cole and Postgate,British Common People,280.
  〔30〕Cole and Postgate,British Common People,286;Sheppard,London 1808-1870,327.
  〔31〕McLellan,Karl Marx,133.
  〔32〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,44;McLellan,Karl Marx,133;Hammen,Red 48ers,120.

10 新思想的孕育


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 5,41.

  〔2〕MECW,Volume 38,527-528.
  〔3〕Ibid.
  〔4〕Ibid.,528.
  〔5〕REM,223;Longuet,Karl Marx,121.
  〔6〕MECW,Volume 38,528-529.
  〔7〕McLellan,Karl Marx,133-134.
  〔8〕MECW,Volume 5,xvi,24;McLellan,Karl Marx,135;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,103;Draper,Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution,189.
  〔9〕MECW,Volume 5,31.
  〔10〕MECW,Volume 26,173 and Volume 5,44;Carver,Engels,Short Introduction,72.
  〔11〕MECW,Volume 5,50.
  〔12〕Ibid.,52.
  〔13〕Ibid.,52,74-75.
  〔14〕Ibid.,59.
  〔15〕MECW,Volume 47,31.
  〔16〕The German Ideology was not published in full until 1932 in Moscow. McLellan,Karl Marx,140-141.
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 4,678-679,721(n);Longuet,Karl Marx,122-123;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,101.
  〔18〕McLellan,Karl Marx,143;MECW,volume 38,39.
  〔19〕MECW,Volume 38,573(n).
  〔20〕Longuet,Karl Marx,124.
  〔21〕MECW,Volume 38,533.
  〔22〕McLellan,Karl Marx,143-144;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,108-109.
  〔23〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,46.
  〔24〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,109.
  〔25〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,46.
  〔26〕McLellan,Karl Marx,130.
  〔27〕Annenkov,Extraordinary Decade,168-170;KMIR,12-14;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,117-118.
  〔28〕McLellan,Karl Marx,159.
  〔29〕MECW,Volume 6,35-41;McLellan,Karl Marx,146.
  〔30〕Annenkov,Extraordinary Decade,171.
  〔31〕Fejtö(ed.),Opening ofan Era,362-365,367.
  〔32〕MECW,Volume 38,39;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,116-117.
  〔33〕McLellan,Karl Marnx,147.
  〔34〕MECW,Volume 38,530-531;Carver,Friedrich Engels,150-151.
  〔35〕Blumenberg,IIlustrated,65;Hammen,Red 48ers,140-141.
  〔36〕MECW,Volume 38,576(n).
  〔37〕Ibid.,532.
  〔38〕Ibid.,36-37.
  〔39〕Ibid.,42-43.
  〔40〕MECW,Volume 24,131;McLellan,Karl Marx,142;REM,223.
  〔41〕KMIR,20;McLellan,Karl Marx,142.
  〔42〕Mayer,Friedrich Engels,76.
  〔43〕MECW,Volume 38,82,89.
  〔44〕Ibid.,92.
  〔45〕Longuet,Karl Marx,125-126;McLellan,Karl Marx,142;Peters,Red Jenny,69.
  〔46〕MECW,Volume 38,51.
  〔47〕Ibid.,105.
  〔48〕MECW,Volume 38,95-97;Annenkov,Extraordinary Decade,171-172.
  〔49〕MECW,Volume 38,101-102.
  〔50〕Hammen,Red 48ers,145.
  〔51〕MECW,Volume 6,176.
  〔52〕McLellan,Karl Marx,148.
  〔53〕MECW,Volume 38,591(n);McLellan,Karl Marx,152.
  〔54〕McLellan,Karl Marx,157;Robert Payne,Karl Marx,131.

11 壮丽的事业


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 38,149.
  〔2〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,39-41;McLellan,Karl Marx,154,157.
  〔3〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,40,47;McLellan,Karl Marx,156-157;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marnx,111,122-124.
  〔4〕Steams,1848,33.
  〔5〕MECW,Volume 10,495.
  〔6〕Whitridge,Men in Crisis,26;Stearns,1848,34;Hamerow,Restoration,Revolution,Reaction,76-77.
  〔7〕Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,43-44.
  〔8〕不同的马克思传记著作对埃德加·马克思的出生日期记述不尽相同。特里尔的弗里德里希·艾伯特基金会研究中心认为埃德加出生在1847年2月3日。出生证上的名字是查理·路易·亨利·埃德加·马克思,不过家人都叫他埃德加或穆希。来源: Genealogy Marx,Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Museum/Stu- dienzentrum,Trier;Omura,Fomicev,Hecker,and Kubo,FamilieMarx privat,447.
  〔9〕Padover,Karl Marx,128;MECW,Volume 38,121.
  〔10〕MECW,Volume 38,154.
  〔11〕Ibid.,158.
  〔12〕Ibid.,576(n).
  〔13〕Ibid.,108.
  〔14〕Ibid.,55,90.
  〔15〕Ibid.,153.
  〔16〕Ibid.,154.
  〔17〕Ibid.,115,587(n).
  〔18〕Ibid.,117.
  〔19〕Ibid.,120,588(n).
  〔20〕Ibid.,117.
  〔21〕MECW,Volume 6,585 and Volume 38,587-588(n);Carr,Michael Bakunin,139;McLellan,Karl Marx,156-157.
  〔22〕MECW,Volume 6,96-103,341-357.
  〔23〕Ibid.,600.
  〔24〕Boris Nicolaievsky,"Toward a History of the Communist League,1847- 1852,"241.
  〔25〕Robert Payne,Unknown Marx,18;Padover,Karl Marx,115;Robert Payne,Karl Marx,131;McLellan,Karl Marx,142-143.
  〔26〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,133.
  〔27〕MECW,Volume 38,588(n).
  〔28〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,128-129;Hammen,Red 48ers,163;Longuet,Karl Marx,127-128.(Today the Café au Cygne is known as the Maison du Cygne.)
  〔29〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,131-132;MECW,Volume 38,122-130.
  〔30〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,129.
  〔31〕MECW,Volume 38,141.
  〔32〕Longuet,Karl Marx,128;Hammen,Red 48ers,190.
  〔33〕MECW,Volume 38,122,143.
  〔34〕McLellan,Karl Marx,163;Carr,Michael Bakunin,123,131.
  〔35〕Carr,Michael Bakunin,146.
  〔36〕Kenafick,Bakunin and Marx,41-42.
  〔37〕Carr,Michael Bakunin,146.
  〔38〕MECW,Volume 38,150-151.
  〔39〕McLellan,Karl Marx,160-161.
  〔40〕MECW,Volume 6,388-389.
  〔41〕REM,153.
  〔42〕这年秋天参加同盟大会时,马克思实际上是29岁。来源: KMIR,14.
  〔43〕MECW,Volume 38,592;McLellan,Karl Marx,154-155;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,110-111.
  〔44〕MECW,Volume 6,633-638.
  〔45〕Ibid.,585.
  〔46〕Ibid.,633.
  〔47〕MECW,Volume 38,149.

12 《共产党宣言》的诞生


  〔1〕Tocqueville,Recollections,11-12.
  〔2〕Giroud,Femme du diable,92-93;Peters,Red Jenny,73.
  〔3〕Jenny Marx to Lina Schöler,Dec.17,1847,Moscow.
  〔4〕Jenny Marx to Lina Schöler,mid-Jan.1848,Moscow.
  〔5〕Giroud,Femme du diable,92-93.
  〔6〕MECW,Volume 6,639.
  〔7〕Giroud,Femme du diable,92-93.
  〔8〕Jenny Marx to Lina Schöler,mid-Jan.1848,Moscow.
  〔9〕McLellan,Karl Marx,162;MECW,Volume 26,523-524 and Volume 6,695-696(n).
  〔10〕Roberts,History of Europe,336.
  〔11〕MECW,Volume 6,463,465 and Volume 26,523-524.
  〔12〕MECW,Volume 26,523.
  〔13〕MECW,Volume 38,152-154.
  〔14〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,136;Raddatz,Karl Marx,80.
  〔15〕MECW,Volume 6,698.
  〔16〕Ibid.,698(n);Padover,Karl Marx,129.
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 39,60;Padover,Karl Marx,129.
  〔18〕MECW,Volume 6,481.
  〔19〕Ibid.,487-488.
  〔20〕Ibid.,489.
  〔21〕Ibid.,496.
  〔22〕Ibid.,500.
  〔23〕Ibid.,502.
  〔24〕Ibid.,506.
  〔25〕Ibid.,519.

13 燃起革命的火焰


  〔1〕Hamerow,Restoration,Revolution,Reaction,87.
  〔2〕MECW,Volume 6,559;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,141-142.
  〔3〕Wilson,Victorians,127.
  〔4〕Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,14.
  〔5〕Fejto(ed.),Opening of an Era,60-63,65-66;Whitridge,Men in Crisis,246-247.
  〔6〕Fejtö(ed.),Opening of an Era,66.
  〔7〕Whitridge,Men in Crisis,115-116;Stearns,1848,123;Evans and von Strandmann(eds.),Revolutions in Europe,55.
  〔8〕Steams,1848,53;Evans and von Strandmann(eds.),Revolutions in Europe,56.
  〔9〕Fejto(ed.),Opening of an Era,116-118;Whitridge,Men in Crisis,140- 141,146-147;Steams,1848,123,125;Evans and von Strandmann(eds.),Revolutions in Europe,57,60.
  〔10〕Steams,1848,57,124;Whitridge,Men in Crisis,147.
  〔11〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,141.
  〔12〕John J.Baughman,“The French Banquet Campaign of 1847-48,”1;MECW,Volume 6,375;Steams,1848,6;Evans and von Strandmann(eds.),Revolutions in Europe,32.
  〔13〕Pawel,Poet Dying,17.
  〔14〕Stearns,1848,71;Evans and von Strandmann(eds.),Revolutions in Europe,32.
  〔15〕Baughman,"The French Banquet Campaign of 1847-48,"2-3,6-9; MECW,Vol-ume 6,393.
  〔16〕MECW,Volume 6,375.
  〔17〕Baughman,"The French Banquet Campaign of 1847-48,"32;Whitridge Men in Crisis,29.
  〔18〕Baughman,"The French Banquet Campaign of 1847-48,"14;Stearns,1848,72.
  〔19〕Steams,1848,73;Whitridge,Men in Cnisis,27,31,32.
  〔20〕Stearns,1848,73.
  〔21〕Ibid.,73-74;Hamerow,Restorarion,Revolution,Reaction,97;Whitridge,Men in Crisis,36.
  〔22〕Tocqueville,Recollections,11-12.
  〔23〕Evans and von Strandmann(eds.),Revolutions in Europe,164.
  〔24〕A.J.P.Taylor,The Struggle for Mastery of Europe,1848-1918,6; Andrew Jackson Donelson,"The American Minister in Berlin on the Revolution of March,1848,"357;Hamerow,Restoration,Revolution,Reaction,98.
  〔25〕Longuet,Karl Marx,131;Somerhausen,L’Humanisme,236.
  〔26〕Hammen,Red 48ers,193.
  〔27〕MECW,Volume 38,82.
  〔28〕Hammen,Red 48ers,193.
  〔29〕MECW,Volume 6,643.
  〔30〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,138-139.
  〔31〕Fejtö(ed.),Opening ofan Era,163.
  〔32〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,143.
  〔33〕MECW,Volume 6,567;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,143.
  〔34〕Hammen,Red 48ers,196.
  〔35〕MECW,Volume 6,559 and Volume 24,136-137;Hammen,Red 48ers,196-197.
  〔36〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,143;MECW,Volume
  24,137.
  〔37〕MECW,Volume 6,568,581.
  〔38〕Ibid.,560 and Volume 24,137.
  〔39〕MECW,volume 6,560.
  〔40〕KMIR,20.
  〔41〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,143;McLellan,Karl Marx,177;Somerhausen,L’Humanisme,217.
  〔42〕KMIR,20.
  〔43〕Somerhausen,L’Humanisme,237,245.
  〔44〕Peters,Red Jenny,74.
  〔45〕McLellan,Karl Marx,177-178;Somerhausen,L’Humanisme,245.
  〔46〕MECW,Volume 6,651-652.
  〔47〕Ibid.,649.
  〔48〕Ibid.,650.
  〔49〕Hammen,Red 48ers,198.
  〔50〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,49;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,144.
  〔51〕Somerhausen,L’Humanisme,239.
  〔52〕MECW,Volume 6,561-562,565;Somerhausen,L’Humanisme,239-240;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,144.
  〔53〕Somerhausen,L’Humanisme,240;KMIR,20-21;MECW,Volume 6,561,565.
  〔54〕KMIR,21;Somerhausen,L’Humanisme,240-241.
  〔55〕KMIR,21;Somerhausen,L’Humanisme,241.
  〔56〕KMIR,21.
  〔57〕MECW,Volume 6,565;Somerhausen,L’Humanisme,242.
  〔58〕KMIR,21.
  〔59〕MECW,Volume 6,565.
  〔60〕Ibid.,562.
  〔61〕Somerhausen,L’Humanisme,242.
  〔62〕KMIR,21.
  〔63〕Peters,Red Jenny,76.
  〔64〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,146.
  〔65〕KMIR,21.

14 人民之春


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 4,82.
  〔2〕KMIR,21.
  〔3〕Peter Amann,"The Changing Outlines of 1848,"941;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,146;Padover,Karl Marx,133.
  〔4〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,147;Carr,Michael Bakunin,149.
  〔5〕MECW,Volume 38,169.
  〔6〕Raddatz,Karl Marx,86.
  〔7〕Steams,1848,77.
  〔8〕MECW,Volume 7,513.
  〔9〕Longuet,Karl Marx,136.
  〔10〕Ibid.,135;McLellan,Karl Marx,179.
  〔11〕Carr,Michael Bakunin,149.
  〔12〕Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,26.
  〔13〕Amann,"The Changing Outlines of 1848,"942.
  〔14〕Stearns,1848,80.
  〔15〕Ibid.,179-180.
  〔16〕Thomas,Women Incendiaries,21,23.
  〔17〕Steans,1848,83.
  〔18〕Giroud,Femme du diable,98.
  〔19〕MECW,Volume 21,61.
  〔20〕Fejto(ed.),Opening of an Era,7;Hamerow,Restoration,Revolution Reaction,76-79,84.
  〔21〕Sperber(ed.),Germany,1800-1870,54;MECW,Volume 11,19-20.
  〔22〕Sperber(ed.),Germany,1800-1870,54,57.
  〔23〕Schurz,Reminiscences,108-109.
  〔24〕Stearns,1848,64;Evans and von Strandmann(eds.),Revolutions in Europe,29.
  〔25〕Priscilla Robertson,"Students on the Barmicades:Germanyand Austria,1848,"375-376;Steams,1848,95-96.
  〔26〕Hamerow,Restoration,Revolution,Reaction,99;Stearns,1848,96;Evans and von Strandmann(eds.),Revolurions in Europe,181.
  〔27〕Evans and von Strandmann(eds.),Revolutions in Europe,186; Robertson,"Students on the Barricades,"376;Fejtō(eds.),Opening of an Era,255.
  〔28〕Evans and von Strandmann(eds.),Revolutions in Europe,62-63; Stearns,1848,129-130.
  〔29〕Evans and von Strandmann(eds.),Revolutions in Europe,106.
  〔30〕Schurz,Reminiscences,119;Donelson,"The American Minister in Berlin,"358;Steams,1848,146;Whitridge,Men in Crisis,218.
  〔31〕Schurz,Reminiscences,119;Sperber(ed.),Germany,1800-1870,59.
  〔32〕Schurz,Reminiscences,119.
  〔33〕Whitridge,Men in Crisis,218.
  〔34〕Donelson,"The American Minister in Berlin,"358;Steams,1848,147.
  〔35〕Donelson,"The American Minister in Berlin,"360-361.
  〔36〕Ibid.,360.
  〔37〕Ibid.,360-361.
  〔38〕Ibid.
  〔39〕Schurz,Reminiscences,120-121;Donelson,“The American Minister in Berlin,"363.
  〔40〕Schurz,Reminiscences,121.
  〔41〕Donelson,"The American Minister in Berlin,"362.
  〔42〕Ibid.,370-371.
  〔43〕Offord,Nineteenth-Century Russia,39-40.
  〔44〕Car,Michael Bakunin,150.
  〔45〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,63.
  〔46〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,50;Amann,"Changing Outlines of 1848,"940.
  〔47〕Carr,Michael Bakunin,151-152.
  〔48〕REM,19;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,150-151;MECW,Vol-ume 26,324.
  〔49〕MECW,Volume 6,657.
  〔50〕Karl Marxand Friedrich Engels,Letters to Americans,1848-1895,15.
  〔51〕Stearns,1848,142;McLellan,Karl Marx,180;Nicolaievsky and
  Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,152-153.
  〔52〕MECW,Volume 26,324;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,152,155;Hammen,Red 48ers,214.
  〔53〕McLellan,Karl Marx,181.
  〔54〕MECW,Volume 7,3-7.
  〔55〕McLellan,Karl Marx,181.
  〔56〕MECW,Volume 6,558.

15 《新莱茵报》与新斗争


  〔1〕Seigel,Marx's Fate,173.
  〔2〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,165;Sperber(ed.),Germany,1800-1870,60 .
  〔3〕McLellan,Karl Marx,182;Stearns,1848,145;Donelson,“The American Minister in Berlin,"365.
  〔4〕Marx and Gottschalk's final falling-out was over funding the remnants of Herwegh's Legion,which Gottschalk favored but Marx did not.McLellan,Karl Marx,182-183;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,164,166-167;Hammen, Red 48ers,222.
  〔5〕MECW,Volume 26,122.
  〔6〕申请恢复普鲁士国籍时,马克思开始说自己要在一家报纸做编辑,不过最后提交申请时,他改变了说法,只是简单地说: “经过近期这些事情,我回到了祖国,想和家人一起在科隆定居。”六天后的一份警方报告提到,马克思向官方说明自己要写一部经济学著作,打算靠写作和妻子的私人财产为生。负责的警官认为马克思“政治上不可靠”,没有马上处理他的申请。来源:MECW,Volume 7,537-538.
  〔7〕Peters,Red Jenny,82-83;McLellan,Karl Marx,181.
  〔8〕Hammen,Red 48ers,222.
  〔9〕Luise Domemann,Jenny Marx:Der Lebensweg einer Sozialistin,103.
  〔10〕MECW,Volume 26,127.
  〔11〕MECW,Volume 7,69-70.
  〔12〕MECW,Volume 26,127.
  〔13〕MECW,Volume 7,15.
  〔14〕Whitridge,Men in Crisis,47,50;Stearns,1848,76.
  〔15〕Whitridge,Men in Crisis,50;Evans and von Strandmann(eds.)Revolutions in Europe,35.
  〔16〕Evans and von Strandmann(eds.),Revolurions in Europe,35;Whitridge,Men in Crisis,51.
  〔17〕Whitridge,Men in Crisis,52-53,71;Evans and von Strandmann (eds.),Revolutions in Europe,36.
  〔18〕Tocqueville,Recollections,95,102;Amann,“Changing Outlines of 1848,"946;Steams,1848,79;Whitridge,Men in Crisis,66-67.
  〔19〕Whitridge,Men in Crisis,66-67.
  〔20〕Evans and von Strandmann (eds.),Revolutions in Europe,39;Stearns,1848,85.
  〔21〕Tocqueville,Recollections,107.
  〔22〕Ibid.130-132;Taylor,Struggle for Mastery in Europe,11;Amann,"A Journée in the Making:May 15,1848,"44,63-64;Stearns,1848,86.
  〔23〕Whitridge,Men in Crisis,66-67;Tocqueville,Recollections,130.
  〔24〕Tocqueville,Recollections,133-134.
  〔25〕Schurz,Reminiscences,129.
  〔26〕Hamerow,Restoration,Revolution,Reaction,102-104,107;Steans,1848,41.
  〔27〕Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,33.
  〔28〕Fejtö(ed.),Opening of an Era,231.
  〔29〕Hamerow,Restoration,Revolution,Reaction,114.
  〔30〕Ibid.,120-122;Breuilly,Austria,Prussia and Germany,42-43.
  〔31〕Hamerow,Restoration,Revolution,Reaction,123-124.
  〔32〕MECW,Volume 7,72.
  〔33〕MECW,Volume 11,41-42;Breuilly,Austria,Prussia and Germany,42-43.
  〔34〕Hammen,Red 48ers,223-224.
  〔35〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,168.
  〔36〕MECW,Volume 26,123.
  〔37〕Blumenberg,Illustrated,86.
  〔38〕MECW,Volume 7,45 and Volume 26,126.

16 笔杆子不得不服从枪杆子


  〔1〕Tocqueville,Recollections,156.
  〔2〕Ibid.,146.
  〔3〕Stearns,1848,88.
  〔4〕Fejtö(ed.),Opening of an Era,90.
  〔5〕Whitridge,Men in Crisis,99.
  〔6〕MECW,Volume 7,124-127;Stearns,1848,89;Whitridge,Men in Crisis99.
  〔7〕MECW,Volume 7,128;Whitridge,Men in Crisis,98.
  〔8〕Tocqueville,Recollections,154,175;MECW,Volume 7,138.
  〔9〕Tocqueville,Recollections,162;Whitridge,Men in Crisis,100.
  〔10〕Tocqueville,Recollections,150-151.
  〔11〕Stearns,1848,92;Evans and von Strandmann(eds.),Revolutions in Europe,41;Whitridge,Men in Crisis,101-102.
  〔12〕Steams,1848,93;Evans and von Strandmann(eds.),Revolutions in Europe,43;Pawel,Poet Dying,53;Whitridge,Men in Crisis,103.
  〔13〕Evans and von Strandmann (eds.),Revolutions in Europe,43;Whitridge,Men in Crisis,103.
  〔14〕MECW,Volume 7,128.
  〔15〕Ibid.,130.
  〔16〕Ibid.,144.
  〔17〕Ibid.,146-147.
  〔18〕Ibid.,147 and Volume 10,68.
  〔19〕MECW,Volume 7,143.
  〔20〕Ibid.,478 and Volume 26,126.
  〔21〕MECW,Volume 26,126.
  〔22〕McLellan,Karl Marx,183;Seigel,Marx's Fate,199;REM,156.
  〔23〕MECW,Volume 7,74,170,194 and Volume 11,36.
  〔24〕MECW,Volume 7,176-179..
  〔25〕Ibid.,186.
  〔26〕Ibid.,554.
  〔27〕Ibid.,208.
  〔28〕Ibid.,383-384,407-408,581.
  〔29〕Ibid.,448,452 and Volume 38,182.
  〔30〕MECW,Volume 7,653(n);Hammen,Red 48ers,296;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,173.
  〔31 〕Hammen,Red 48ers,296.
  〔32〕Brophy,Popular Culture and the Public Sphere,216-217,224.
  〔33〕MECW,Volume 7,582-583.
  〔34〕Hammen,Red 48ers,297.
  〔35〕MECW,Volume 7,574;Hammen,Red 48ers,298.
  〔36〕Hammen,Red 48ers,299-300.
  〔37〕MECW,Volume 7,584.
  〔38〕Ibid.,442-443.
  〔39〕Hammen,Red 48ers,287-289.
  〔40〕Ibid.,304.
  〔41〕Ibid.,304;Hamerow,Restoration,Revolution,Reaction,181.
  〔42〕MECW,Volume 7,444,589.
  〔43〕Ibid.,452.
  〔44〕Ibid.,452-453.
  〔45〕Hammen,Red 48ers,307.
  〔46〕MECW,Volume 7,463;Hammen,Red 48ers,307-309;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,175.
  〔47〕MECW,Volume 7,455,642(n);Hammen,Red 48ers,310;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,175.
  〔48〕MECW,Volume 7,455-456,590.
  〔49〕Ibid.,593.
  〔50〕MECW,Volume 24,140.
  〔51〕MECW,Volume 38,540-541.
  〔52〕MECW,Volume 7,459-460,594.
  〔53〕Ibid.,513-514.
  〔54〕Ibid.,511.
  〔55〕Ibid.,526,528-539.
  〔56〕Ibid.,515.
  〔57〕Ibid.,456.
  〔58〕Hammen,Red 48ers,316.
  〔59〕Brophy,Popular Culture and the Public Sphere,59.
  〔60〕MECW,Volume 38,178.
  〔61〕Domemann,Jenny Marx,103-139.
  〔62〕KMIR,16.
  〔63〕马克思和燕妮的传记作家经常强调马克思和燕妮与斐迪南·冯·威斯特华伦的对立,不论是在政治上还是生活中,这应该是真的,而且对立应该还不少。不过,无论面对多少困难,燕妮一生从未放弃与哥哥和嫂子的亲情,她经常与他们通信,说说家常,感情上极为亲密。燕妮与贵族阶层成员通信时,经常使用这个阶层特有的礼貌语言,所以我们有时候很难判断她在言语间除了保持社交上的礼貌之外,是否还表达了真情实感。我相信在很多时候都是的:这些信表达了她对嫁给马克思后抛弃的原有生活和家庭的依恋和情感——并非她要放弃马克思,回到他们身边,她只是需要缓一口气,哪怕再简短,她也需要缓一缓,然后继续挣扎地生活。
  〔64〕Ferdinand von Westphalen to Louise von Westphalen,June 10,1847,Hamburg.
  〔65〕Ferdinand von Westphalen to Louise von Westphalen,Oct.23,1848,Hamburg.

第十七章 坚守堡垒


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 10,70.
  〔2〕Stearns,1848,119-121;Hammen,Red 48ers,327-328,330;MECW Volume 11,67;McLellan,Karl Marx,193.
  〔3〕Stearns,1848,121;Hammen,Red 48ers,329,331;Breuilly,Austria,Prussiaand Germany,49.
  〔4〕MECW,Volume 9,453.
  〔5〕MECW,Volume 7,477.
  〔6〕MECW,Volume 11,67;Hammen,Red 48ers,340.
  〔7〕MECW,Volume 8,36;Hammen,Red 48ers,342,345.
  〔8〕MECW,Volume 8,36,41.
  〔9〕Ibid.,46.
  〔10〕Hammen,Red 48ers,347.
  〔11〕马克思被传唤出庭,是由于黑克尔的起诉,后者已经从检察官升任检察长。事由是《新莱茵报》刊登的一份署名“黑克尔”的信件,这个黑克尔的身份设定是一名逃去纽约的共和主义者。普鲁士各报纸都进行了转载。检方控告马克思伪造信件,故意署名“黑克尔”,试图误导读者以为黑克尔检察长有共和主义倾向。马克思在11月14日出庭时,以为自己肯定会被逮捕。数百人聚集在法庭支持马克思,检方也许是担心引发社会动荡,并未将马克思下狱。 来源:MECW,Volume 7,485-487;Volume 8,495-496,501,503;Volume 38,180; McLellan,Karl Marx,195.
  〔12〕MECW,Volume 8,504.
  〔13〕Ibid.,82.
  〔14〕MECW,Volume 38,179.
  〔15〕MECW,Volume 8,135,588(n).
  〔16〕MECW,Volume 38,190.
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 8,312.
  〔18〕Ibid.,314.
  〔19〕Ibid.,316-317.
  〔20〕Ibid.,320,322,517-518.
  〔21〕Ibid.,323,335,338.
  〔22〕Ibid.,338-339.
  〔23〕Ibid.,520-521;McLellan,Karl Marx,199;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen- Helfen,Karl Marx,192;Steams,1848,183.
  〔24〕MECW,Volume 8,527-528.
  〔25〕MECW,Volume 9,487,492-493,496-497.
  〔26〕Ferdinand von Westphalen to Louise von Westphalen,Feb.10,1849,Hamburg.
  〔27〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,191.
  〔28〕MECW,Volume 38,192-193 and Volume 47,613(n);McLellan,Karl Marx,201-202;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,191.
  〔29〕MECW,Volume 38,193.
  〔30〕MECW,Volume 11,80,83-85.
  〔31〕McLellan,Karl Marx,203;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,195.
  〔32〕MECW,Volume 38,196.
  〔33〕McLellan,Karl Marx,202;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,181,193-194.
  〔34〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,194.
  〔35〕McLellan,Karl Marx,203.
  〔36〕Hammen,Red 48ers,386.
  〔37〕MECW,Volume 9,451,509;McLellan,Karl Marx,203.
  〔38〕Carr,Michael Bakunin,186,190,193;McLellan,Karl Marx,203; Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,195;Sperber (ed.),Germany1800- 1870,65.
  〔39〕Car,Michael Bakunin,166,194.
  〔40〕MECW,Volume 9,447;Hammen,Red 48ers,391-392.
  〔41〕Mayer,Friedrich Engels,13;Hammen,Red 48ers,393.
  〔42〕MECW,Volume 9,449,508;Stearns,1848,191;Carver,Friedrich Engels,204;Ham-men,Red 48ers,392-393.
  〔43〕MECW,Volume 9,449 and Volume 10,168,602-603;Carver,Friedrich Engels,204.
  〔44〕MECW,Volume 9,514,524 and Volume 10,602-604.
  〔45〕MECW,Volume 9,417.
  〔46〕MECW,Volume 11,68.
  〔47〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,197.
  〔48〕McLellan,Karl Marx,203.
  〔49〕MECW,Volume 9,418.
  〔50〕Ibid.,453-454,467.
  〔51〕McLellan,Karl Marx,204;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,197.
  〔52〕MECW,Volume 26,128.
  〔53〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,197.
  〔54〕Giroud,Femme du diable,106.
  〔55〕MECW,Volume 9,509;McLellan,Karl Marx,204.
  〔56〕MECW,Volume,24,164.
  〔57〕MECW,Volume 9,515;McLellan,Karl Marx,204.
  〔58〕KMIR,21.
  〔59〕McLellan,Karl Marx,205.
  〔60〕KMIR,21;McLellan,Karl Marx,205;Carver,Friedrich Engels,205.
  〔61〕MECW,Volume 11,86.

18 梦碎巴黎


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 11,103.
  〔2〕Whitnidge,Men in Crisis,92.
  〔3〕W.H.C.Smith,Second Empire and Commune,2.
  〔4〕Whitridge,Men in Crisis,88.
  〔5〕W.H.C.Smith,Second Empire,2,7;Whitridge,Men in Crisis,90.
  〔6〕Whitridge,Men in Crisis,93;Stearns,1848,216.
  〔7〕Whitridge,Men in Crisis,91,94.
  〔8〕Ibid.,84,104,106.
  〔9〕Ibid.,108.
  〔10〕MECW,Volume 9,525 and Volume 38,200;McLellan,Karl Marx,205.
  〔11〕MECW,Volume 7,150 and Volume 38,209.
  〔12〕MECW,Volume 38,199.
  〔13〕Stearns,1848,217.
  〔14〕Whitridge,Men in Crisis,179,181-182.
  〔15〕Taylor,Struggle for Mastery of Europe,30.
  〔16〕Steams,1848,217.
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 9,478.
  〔18〕Tocqueville,Recollections,245-246,272-274.
  〔19〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,203.
  〔20〕MECW,Volume 38,546.
  〔21〕Ibid.,546-548;Pawel,Poet Dying,46.
  〔22〕MECW,Volume 38,202.
  〔23〕Ibid.,201.
  〔24〕Ibid.,200,207.
  〔25〕KMIR,22.
  〔26〕MECW,Volume 9,480-481.
  〔27〕MECW,Volume 38,211.
  〔28〕Ibid.,210-211,605(n)and Volume 9,526.
  〔29〕MECW,Volume 38,208.
  〔30〕Ibid.,209-210.
  〔31〕Berlin,Karl Marx,119.
  〔32〕MECW,Volume 38,205.
  〔33〕Ibid.,209.
  〔34〕Ibid.,207-208.
  〔35〕McLellan,Karl Marx,206.
  〔36〕MECW,Volume 38,204-205.
  〔37〕Ibid.,212 and Volume 9,527.
  〔38〕MECW,Volume 38,212-213,606.
  〔39〕Ibid.,212.
  〔40〕Ibid.,213.
  〔41〕Ibid.,606(n).
  〔42〕Ibid.,216.
  〔43〕Pawel,Poet Dying,6-7,71-72.
  〔44〕MECW,Volume 38,216.
  〔45〕REM,225.

第三部分 流寓伦敦的家庭苦难


19 伦敦新家


  〔1〕Percy Bysshe Shelley,"Peter Bell the Third,"The Daemon of the World,39.
  〔2〕KMIR,22;MECW,Volume 38,607;Padover,Karl Marx,151;Gustav Mayer,"Letters of Karl Marxto Karl Blind,"154-155.
  〔3〕Bemard Porter,The Refugee Question in Mid-Victorian Politics,2-3.
  〔4〕Ibid.,22.
  〔5〕Daniel Pool,What Jane Austen Ate and Charles Dickens Knew,30.
  〔6〕Ibid.,30;Halliday,Great Filth,79.
  〔7〕Halliday,Great Filth,133.
  〔8〕Ibid.,135,204;Gilda O'Neill,The Good Old Days,10.
  〔9〕Halliday,Great Filth,77.
  〔10〕Porter,Refugee Question,20,25;Jenny Marxto Louise von Westphalen,Jan.29,1858,Moscow.
  〔11〕William C.Preston,The Bitter Cry of Outcast London,8;Donald J.Olsen,The Growth of Victorian London,12.
  〔12〕Mayhew,London Labour and the London Poor,68-69,104.
  〔13〕MECW,Volume 10,280-282.
  〔14〕Ibid.,605-606.
  〔15〕MECW,Volume 38,216.
  〔16〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,65,68-69.
  〔17〕KMIR,4446;Liebknecht,Karl Marx,69;McLellan,Karl Marx,214.
  〔18〕Porter,Refugee Question,28;Berlin,Karl Marx,137.
  〔19〕Porter,Refugee Question,25-26.
  〔20〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,82.
  〔21〕Berlin,Karl Marx,13.
  〔22〕MECW,Volume 10,596.
  〔23〕Ibid.,599 and Volume 38,231;McLellan,Karl Marx,214.
  〔24〕MECW,Volume 10,623;McLellan,Karl Marx,214.
  〔25〕MECW,Volume 38,213;Hammen,Red 48ers,403.
  〔26〕REM,141.
  〔27〕MECW,Volume 38,202-203.
  〔28〕REM,142.
  〔29〕Ibid.,143-144;Carver,Friedrich Engels,206;Hammen,Red 48ers,403.
  〔30〕MECW,Volume 38,217,607(n);Tocqueville,Recollections,272-273.
  〔31〕Winder,Bloody Foreigners,179-181;KMIR,22;Olsen,The Growth of Victorian London,150.
  〔32〕KMIR,22;Robert Payne,Karl Marx,227-228;Wilson,Victorians,141.
  〔33〕KMIR,22.
  〔34〕MECW,Volume 38,557-558.
  〔35〕Ibid.,549-550.
  〔36〕Ibid.,607(n).
  〔37〕MECW,Volume 10,606.
  〔38〕New York DailyTribune,December 1,1852.
  〔39〕MECW,Volume 38,219.
  〔40〕MECW,Volume 38,224-225,609(n).
  〔41〕Evans and von Strandmann (eds.),Revolutions in Europe,166.
  〔42〕MECW,Volume 38,226-227.
  〔43〕Ibid.,608(n).
  〔44〕MECW,Volume 10,69,127,135.
  〔45〕Mehring,Karl Marx,194.
  〔46〕MECW,Volume 38,605(n);McLellan,Karl Marx,219.
  〔47〕MECW,Volume 38,605(n).
  〔48〕Ibid.,234.
  〔49〕Ibid.,555.
  〔50〕Ibid.,556-558.
  〔51〕KMIR,23.
  〔52〕MECW,Volume 10,281-285.
  〔53〕Ibid.,375.
  〔54〕MECW,Volume 38,610(n).
  〔55〕MECW,Volume 10,370,681(n)
  〔56〕Robert Payne,Unknown Marx,103,107,109.
  〔57〕MECW,Volume 38,237.
  〔58〕MECW,Volume 10,378-386.
  〔59〕Ibid.,381.
  〔60〕Porter,Refugee Question,76,81.
  〔61〕KMIR,17-18.
  〔62〕MECW,Volume 38,607(n);McLellan,Karl Marx,213.
  〔63〕MECW,Volume 1,674.
  〔64〕MECW,Volume 38,557-558.

20 小福克斯之死


  〔1〕Jenny Marxto Karl Marx,Aug.1850,Moscow.
  〔2〕Marjorie Caygill,The British Museum Reading Room,29;Asa Briggs and John Callow,Marx in London,50.
  〔3〕Caygill,5-6.
  〔4〕MECW,Volume 38,239-240.
  〔5〕Mayer,Friedrich Engels,136;Raddatz,Karl Marx,139.
  〔6〕Mayer,Friedrich Engels,137.
  〔7〕Carver,Friedrich Engels,139.
  〔8〕Mayer,Friedrich Engels,138;Carver,Friedrich Engels,139.
  〔9〕KMIR,xvii.
  〔10〕MECW,Volume 38,274.
  〔11〕Jenny Marxto Karl Marx,Aug.1850,Moscow;KMIR,24.
  〔12〕Ibid.,24.
  〔13〕McLellan,Karl Marx,228.
  〔14〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,156,205.
  〔15〕KMIR,22.
  〔16〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,23.
  〔17〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,217;McLellan,Karl Marx,228.
  〔18〕MECW,Volume 10,614-615.
  〔19〕REM,292.
  〔20〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,106-107.
  〔21〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,104.
  〔22〕Ibid.,106-107.
  〔23〕McLellan,Karl Marx,229.
  〔24〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,106-107;MECW,Volume 38,618.
  〔25〕McLellan,Karl Marx,229.
  〔26〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,106-107.
  〔27〕MECW,Volume 10,625-626.
  〔28〕Ibid.,626-627.
  〔29〕Ibid.,628.
  〔30〕Ibid.,629.
  〔31〕Ibid.,483-484.
  〔32〕Ibid.,625,633;Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,62-63.
  〔33〕MECW,Volume 39,60 and Volume 10,627;Porter,Refugee Question,41.
  〔34〕MECW,Volume 38,240-241.
  〔35〕Ibid.,558-559.
  〔36〕Ibid.,241.
  〔37〕Ibid.,242.
  〔38〕Ibid.,250 .

21 黄金时代的艰辛


  〔1〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,53.
  〔2〕Wilson,Victorians,137-138,144;Cole and Postgate,British Common People,328,366;Judith Flanders,The Victorian House,290.
  〔3〕Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,13;Roberts,History of Europe,376.
  〔4〕Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,4445;Sperber(ed.),Germany,1800-1870,73.
  〔5〕Sheppard,London 1808-1870,98,101.
  〔6〕Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,13;Hammen,The Red 48ers,90.
  〔7〕Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,49-50;Sheppard,London 1808-1870,71-72.
  〔8〕Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,51.
  〔9〕Roberts,History of Europe,329.
  〔10〕MECW,Volume 39,21 and Volume 10,500-502.
  〔11〕MECW,Volume 39,96 and Volume 10,502.
  〔12〕REM,98;Liebknecht,Karl Marx,57.
  〔13〕Berlin,Karl Marx,13.
  〔14〕MECW,Volume 38,270.
  〔15〕REM,185;Flanders,Victorian House,105-106;MECW,Volume 38,251.
  〔16〕Mayer,Friedrich Engels,143,155,157;Grenfell Morton,Home Rule and the Irish Question,10;Wilson,Victorians,76;MECW,Volume 41,634(n); Carver,Friedrich Engels,149.
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 38,250.
  〔18〕Ibid.,252.
  〔19〕Ibid.,257.
  〔20〕Ibid.,297,561.
  〔21〕MECW,Volume 10,535.
  〔22〕MECW,Volume 38,257.
  〔23〕Briggs and Callow,Marx in London,43;Robert Payne,Karl Marnx,289;MECW,Volume 38,251,257,269.
  〔24〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,94.
  〔25〕Briggs and Callow,Marx in London,43.
  〔26〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,6.
  〔27〕MECW,Volume 38,361.
  〔28〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,85.
  〔29〕Ibid.,54.
  〔30〕REM,163-164.
  〔31〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,116.
  〔32〕Ibid.,117-118.
  〔33〕Gustav Mayer,"Neue Beitrage zur Biographie von Karl Marx,"54-66.
  〔34〕Paul Lafargue,Karl Marx,26.
  〔35〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,115.
  〔36〕MECW,Volume 38,615(n)and Volume 39,158.
  〔37〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,168.
  〔38〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,94.
  〔39〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,190.
  〔40〕MECW,Volume 38,286.
  〔41〕Ibid.,287,289-291.
  〔42〕Ibid.,325;MEGA,III,Band 4,85-86.
  〔43〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,209;MECW,Volume 11 304-305.
  〔44〕Porter,Refugee Question,33.
  〔45〕Ibid.,86-87.
  〔46〕Ibid.,48,57.
  〔47〕MECW,Volume 38,355;Hamerow,Restoration,Revolution,Reaction,206;S perber(ed.),Germany.1800-1870,205;Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,19.
  〔48〕MECW,Volume 38,338.
  〔49〕Sperber(ed.),Germany1800-1870,70.
  〔50〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,20.
  〔51〕Ibid.,272.
  〔52〕Ibid.,19;MECW,Volume 38,626-627(n).
  〔53〕Peters,Red Jenny,98;MECW,Volume 11,410 and Volume 38,183-184.
  〔54〕KMIR,24.
  〔55〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Laura Lafargue,Dec.24,1868,Moscow.
  〔56〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,54-55,59;MECW,Volume 38,365 and Volume 11,399.
  〔57〕MECW,Volume 38,355,359,366.
  〔58〕马克思和恩格斯后来说,流亡者的这些臆想出来的阴谋活动反而使得政府有借口在德国对任何人实施逮捕,镇压本地运动,把伦敦这些悲惨的流亡者当作稻草人来恐吓德国中产阶级。来源:MECW,Volume 38,366,375;Cologne Communist Trial,215.
  〔59〕MECW,Volume 38,369.
  〔60〕Raddatz,Karl Marx,160.
  〔61〕MECW,Volume 38,398.
  〔62〕MECW,Volume 38,402-403.
  〔63〕MECW,Volume38,432,629(n);Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,225.
  〔64〕MECW,Volume 38,431-432,628-629(n).
  〔65〕Ibid.,629(n);Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,225.
  〔66〕MECW,Volume 38,409,627(n);Berlin,Karl Marx,145.
  〔67〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,236.
  〔68〕MECW,Volume 38,380;Berlin,Karl Marx,146,204;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,244.
  〔69〕MECW,Volume 38,409.
  〔70〕Ibid.,425.

22 流亡者的指挥中心


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 11,103-104.
  〔2〕MECW,Volume 38,489.
  〔3〕Ibid.,494.
  〔4〕MECW,Volume 39,569.
  〔5〕MECW,Volume 38,499-501.
  〔6〕Schurz,Reminiscences,384-386;Porter,Refugee Question,108-109;Whitridge,Men in Crisis,280.
  〔7〕MECW,Volume 38,488,502,508.
  〔8〕Ibid.,635(n);Steams,1848,221.
  〔9〕E.B. Washbume,Recollectionsof a Minister to France,Part I,35.
  〔10〕MECW,Volume 38,635-636(n).
  〔11〕Schurz,Reminiscences,398-400.
  〔12〕MECW,Volume 38,508.
  〔13〕Ibid.,519,636(n).
  〔14〕Ibid.,635-636(n);Steams,1848,222.
  〔15〕Draper,Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution,409.
  〔16〕MECW,Volume 38,563.
  〔17〕KMIR,24.
  〔18〕McLellan,Karl Marx,233.
  〔19〕MECW,Volume 39,3.
  〔20〕Ibid.,16.
  〔21〕Ibid.,6.
  〔22〕Ibid.,567.
  〔23〕Ibid.,20-21.
  〔24〕Ibid.,9.
  〔25〕bid.,570.
  〔26〕Ibid.,28.
  〔27〕Draper,Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution,386.
  〔28〕REM,250-251;KMIR,24-25,99-100.
  〔29〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,97,151-152.
  〔30〕Flanders,Victorian House,170-172;W.L.Bum,The Age of Equipoise,17.
  〔31〕MECW,Volume 38,637(n)and Volume 39,71,603(n).
  〔32〕MECW,Volume 39,33.
  〔33〕MECW,Volume 11,103-104,106.
  〔34〕MECW,Volume 38,475,490-491 .
  〔35〕MECW,Volume 39,50.
  〔36〕Ibid.,59,606(n).
  〔37〕bid.,59;Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,86.
  〔38〕MECW,Volume 11,426-427 and Volume 39,59,624-625(n).
  〔39〕MECW,Volume 39,78-79,81;KMIR,25.
  〔40〕Halliday,Great Filth,20.
  〔41〕KMIR,25.
  〔42〕MECW,Volume 39,85.
  〔43〕Ibid.,84-85.
  〔44〕Ibid.,85.
  〔45〕Ibid.,216.
  〔46〕Ibid.,93,101,611(n).
  〔47〕Ibid.,98.
  〔48〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,276.
  〔49〕Laura Marx,writing for Edgar Marx,to Karl Marx,May 19,1852,ISG.
  〔50〕对于燕妮写这封信的时间节点,不同作家看法各异。根据发生的事件、 马克思一家经历悲惨境地时的通信内容、以及马克思的反应,我判断燕妮应该是这个时候写的这封信。来源:Jenny Marxto Karl Marx,undated,IISG.
  〔51〕MECW,Volume 39,116-117.
  〔52〕Ibid.,124.
  〔53〕Ibid.,208.
  〔54〕Ibid.,148.
  〔55〕Ibid.,594(n),610(n).
  〔56〕Ibid.,175.
  〔57〕Ibid.,182.
  〔58〕Ibid.,148-149.
  〔59〕MECW,Volume 39,149 and Volume 38,323 and Volume 11,254.
  〔60〕MECW,Volume 39,181-182.
  〔61〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,164;Raddatz,Karl Marx,176;Mayhew,London Labour and the London Poor,495.
  〔62〕MECW,Volume 39,576-578.
  〔63〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,60.
  〔64〕MECW,Volume 39,144-145.
  〔65〕Ibid.,134.
  〔66〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,26.
  〔67〕MECW,Volume 39,142.
  〔68〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,60,114.
  〔69〕Ibid.,25,66.
  〔70〕Ibid.,25.
  〔71〕MECW,Volume 38,521 and Volume 39,222-223,226,229-230,240,576-577,624-625(n);Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,87-88.
  〔72〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,132.
  〔73〕Ibid.,105;MECW,Volume 39,236.
  〔74〕MECW,Volume 39,235,247;Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,106.
  〔75〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,80-95,265-266.
  〔76〕MECW,Volume 39,215,219.
  〔77〕Raddatz,Karl Marx,114.
  〔78〕MECW,Volume 39,241.
  〔79〕Ibid.,221.
  〔80〕Ibid.,216.
  〔81〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,112.
  〔82〕Marx and Engels,Cologne Communist Trial,29,55,112.
  〔83〕MECW,Volume 39,577.
  〔84〕Ibid.,247.
  〔85〕Ibid.,232-233,242,255-256;Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,222.
  〔86〕MECW,Volume 39,386.
  〔87〕Ibid.,281.
  〔88〕Ibid.,264;Mehring,Karl Marx,222.
  〔89〕MECW,Volume 39,579.
  〔90〕Ibid.,259.
  〔91〕Ibid.,287,580,625(n).
  〔92〕Ibid.,288.
  〔93〕Mehring,Karl Marx,223.

23 家庭生活的苦乐


  〔1 〕Seigel,Marx's Fate,274.
  〔2〕MECW,Volume 39,386.
  〔3〕MECW,Volume 11,621-625.
  〔4〕MECW,Volume 39,272.
  〔5〕Ibid.,283.
  〔6〕Ibid.,273,275.
  〔7〕KMIR,25;REM,230.
  〔8〕Mayhew,London Labour and the London Poor,57,195-196,284.
  〔9〕Mayhew,London Labour and the London Poor,478.
  〔10〕Derek Hudson,Munby,Man of Two Worlds,22.
  〔11〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,131,139.
  〔12〕Jenny Marx to Wilhelm von Florencourt,Aug.10,1855,Moscow.
  〔13〕MECW,Volume 39,581.
  〔14〕Preston,The Bitter Cry of Outcast London,8.
  〔15〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,52.
  〔16〕Mayer,"Letters of Karl Marxto Karl Blind,"155.
  〔17〕REM,251;Lafargue,Karl Marx,26.
  〔18〕KMIR,60-61;Liebknecht,Karl Marx,126,128-129.
  〔19〕KMIR,61-62.
  〔20〕Ibid.,56-57.
  〔21〕REM,251.
  〔22〕Francis Wheen,Marx 's Das Kapital,8.
  〔23〕Mayer,"Neue Beitrage zur Biographie von Karl Marx,"54-66;KMIR,34-36.
  〔24〕MECW,Volume 39,315.
  〔25〕Ibid.,293,309.
  〔26〕Ibid.,308-309.
  〔27〕"Aleph,"London Scenes and London People,153-154.
  〔28〕KMIR,101-102.
  〔29〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Laura Lafargue,Dec.24,1868,Moscow.
  〔30〕KMIR,25-26.
  〔31〕MECW,Volume 39,406.
  〔32〕Ibid.,406,453,454,458.
  〔33〕Ibid.,453.
  〔34〕Ibid.,589.
  〔35〕Ibid.,405,646(n).
  〔36〕Ibid.,502,506,511.
  〔37〕Ibid.,481.
  〔38〕Halliday,Great Filth,73,143.
  〔39〕MECW,Volume 39,483.
  〔40〕Halliday,Great Filth,77-78.
  〔41〕MECW,Volume 39,457,462-463,465.
  〔42〕Ibid.,464-465.
  〔43〕Ibid.,408,423-426.
  〔44〕Ibid.,427-428.
  〔45〕Ibid.,434-436.
  〔46〕Ibid.,443.
  〔47〕Ibid.,436.
  〔48〕Ibid.,448-449.
  〔49〕Ibid.,421,472,477.
  〔50〕Ibid.,455.
  〔51〕Ibid.,485-486.
  〔52〕Ibid.,428.
  〔53〕Ibid.,421.
  〔54〕Edgar Marx to Karl Marx,Mar.27,1854,IISG.
  〔55〕MECW,Volume 39,467,469.
  〔56〕Ibid.,483-484.
  〔57〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,145.
  〔58〕KMIR,63-65.
  〔59〕Laura Marx to Jenny Marx,Aug.1854,ISG.
  〔60〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Jenny Marx,July 10,1854,Moscow;Olsen Growth of Victorian London,191.
  〔61〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Jenny Marx,July 24,1854,Moscow.

24 穆希之死


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 39,544.
  〔2〕Ibid.,509.
  〔3〕Ibid.,505,658(n).
  〔4〕Schurz,Reminiscences,393-395.
  〔5〕MECW,Volume 39,296,299;Porter,Refugee Question,30.
  〔6〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,106-107.
  〔7〕MECW,Volume 39,658;Liebknecht,Karl Marx,109.
  〔8〕“Aleph,”London Scenes,271.
  〔9〕MECW,Volume 39,505.
  〔10〕Ibid.,524.
  〔11〕Ibid.,522,524-525.
  〔12〕Ibid.,526.
  〔13〕Ibid.,528.
  〔14〕Ibid.
  〔15〕Jenny Marx to Wilhelm von Florencourt,Aug.10,1855,Moscow.
  〔16〕Ibid.
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 39,529.
  〔18〕Ibid.,530.
  〔19〕KMIR,63.
  〔20〕Halliday,Great Filth,86.
  〔21〕Jenny Marx to Wilhelm von Florencourt,Aug.10,1855,Moscow.
  〔22〕KMIR,85.
  〔23〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,133-134,179.
  〔24〕Ibid.,133-134.
  〔25〕MECW,Volume 39,533.

第四部分 贫病交困中携手前行


25 分离的痛苦


  〔1〕William Shakespeare,Richard III,109.
  〔2〕MECW,Volume 39,534,613(n).
  〔3〕Ibid.,533,534,544.
  〔4〕Gosudarstvennaia Obshchestvenno-Politicheskaia Biblioteka,Moscow.
  〔5〕Jenny Marx to Ferdinand Lassalle,May 5,1861,Moscow.
  〔6〕MECW,Volume 39,536.
  〔7〕Ibid.,535.
  〔8〕Ibid.,526.
  〔9〕Ibid.,541.
  〔10〕Ibid.,543;Briggs and Callow,Marx in London,46.
  〔11〕MECW,Volume 39,550;Briggs and Callow,Marx in London,46.
  〔12〕Jenny Marx to Wilhelm von Florencourt,Aug.10,1855,Moscow.
  〔13〕Jenny Marx to Louise von Westphalen,Jan.29,1858,Moscow.
  〔14〕MECW,Volume 39,546.
  〔15〕MECW,Volume 41,454.
  〔16〕MECW,Volume 39,545.
  〔17〕Jenny Marx to Wilhelm von Florencourt,Sept.22,1855,Moscow.
  〔18〕Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,99;Wilson,Victorians,186,199.
  〔19〕Wilson,Victorians,178-179,183.
  〔20〕Ibid.,173;Taylor,Struggle for Mastery of Europe,49,52.
  〔21〕Draper and Haberkerm,Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution,Volume V,82.
  〔22〕Offord,Nineteenth-Century Russia,45.
  〔23〕在1848年后的一次事件中,沙皇下令逮捕了一个文学社团的49名成员。社团成员包括27岁的作家费奥多尔·陀思妥耶夫斯基。这一研究外国作家的社团同时也是一个社会主义组织。被捕成员被宣判将在1849年5月被处死。行刑日这一天,他们被押解到了刑场,陀思妥耶夫斯基和其他同伴已经等在这里。恐惧笼罩着他们,出乎意料的是,他们被赦免了死刑,改为流放西伯利亚。沙皇尼古拉冷酷地嘲弄了这些知识分子。很多知识分子被驱逐、鞭打、或吊死。 来源:Others he deported,lashed,or hanged.Fejtö(ed.),Opening of an Era,397.
  〔24〕Ibid.,395.
  〔25〕MECW,Volume 39,534.
  〔26〕Wilson,Victorianss,179-180,193 .
  〔27〕Ibid.,181,183,186.
  〔28〕August Ludwig von Rochau coined the term "realpolitik"in 1853. Sperber(ed.),Germany1800-1870,22;MECW,Volume 39,663-664;Porter Refugee Question,122,165 .
  〔29〕Taylor,Struggle for Mastery of Europe,81.
  〔30〕MECW,Volume 39,548-549.
  〔31〕Ibid.,550.
  〔32〕Ibid.,562.
  〔33〕Ibid.,557,559-560.
  〔34〕KMIR,26.
  〔35〕Wilson,Victorianss,411.
  〔36〕MECW,Volume 40,8.
  〔37〕Ibid.,14.
  〔38〕Jenny Marx to Ernestine Liebknecht,mid-July 1856,Moscow.
  〔39〕MECW,Volume 40,33.
  〔40〕Ibid.,41.
  〔41〕Ibid.,33.
  〔42〕MECW,Volume 40,33,44.
  〔43〕Ibid.,45.
  〔44〕Ibid.,46.
  〔45〕Ibid.
  〔46〕Ibid.,54.
  〔47〕Ibid.,49-50.(English men had been clean-shaved but began growing beards in tribute to fighters in the Crimea after the war.)
  〔48〕Ibid.,54-56.
  〔49〕Jenny Marx to Emestine Liebknecht,mid-July 1856,Moscow.
  〔50〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Mar.31,1876,Moscow.
  〔51〕Jenny Marx to Ermestine Liebknecht,mid-July 1856,Moscow.
  〔52〕MECW,Volume 40,59,63,588(n).
  〔53〕Ibid.,63.
  〔54〕Ibid.,61.
  〔55〕Ibid.,66.
  〔56〕Ibid.,64.
  〔57〕Ibid.,67.
  〔58〕Ibid.,67,71.
  〔59〕Olsen,Growth of VictoriansLondon,238.
  〔60〕MECW,Volume 40,67,71.
  〔61〕Briggs and Callow,Marx in London,58,60;Jenny Marxto Wilhelm von Florencourt,Oct.4,1856,Moscow.
  〔62〕Edgar von Westphalen to Ferdinand von Westphalen,Aug.22,1856,Dessau.
  〔63〕MECW,Volume 40,68.
  〔64〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Karl Marx,September 28,1856,ISG.

  〔65〕MECW,Volume 40,68.
  〔66〕Sheppard,London 1808-1870,71-72;Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,49.
  〔67〕Cole and Postgate,British Common People,348;Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,85.
  〔68〕MECW,Volume 40,191.
  〔69〕Ibid.,74.
  〔70〕Ibid.,72.
  〔71〕Jenny Marxto Wilhelm von Florencourt,Oct.4,1856,Moscow.
  〔72〕bid.;KMIR,26.
  〔73〕Jenny Marxto Wilhelm von Florencourt,Oct.4,1856,Moscow.
  〔74〕KMIR,26.
  〔75〕Flanders,VictoriansHouse,lii.
  〔76〕Jenny Marx to Wilhelm von Florencourt,Oct.4,1856,Moscow.
  〔77〕Briggs and Callow,Marx in London,60.
  〔78〕Jenny Marx to Wilhelm von Florencourt,Oct.4,1856,Moscow.
  〔79〕Ibid.
  〔80〕Ibid.
  〔81〕KMIR,26.
  〔82〕Raddatz,Karl Marx,115.
  〔83〕MECW,Volume 40,88.
  〔84〕Ibid.,68,590(n).
  〔85〕MECW,Volume 40,69;Pawel,Poet Dying,181.
  〔86〕KMIR,26.
  〔87〕MECW,Volume 40,87.
  〔88〕美国《普特南氏月刊》稿酬丰厚,马克思和恩格斯曾打算与其建立稳定的合作关系。马克思曾在1856年在伦敦与弗莱里格拉特、《普特南氏月刊》的弗雷德里克·劳·奥姆斯特德、以及另外一名美国人共进晚餐。马克思描述说奥姆斯特德“安静而友善”,分别时还特意向马克思征稿。来源: MECW,Volume 40,68,71,88,111.
  〔89〕Peters,Red Jenny,118.

26 疾病缠身


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 41,575.
  〔2〕MECW,Volume 40,93-94.
  〔3〕MECW,Volume 41,216.
  〔4〕Carver,Friedrich Engels,140.
  〔5〕MECW,Volume 40,96-97.
  〔6〕Ibid.,132,563.
  〔7〕Ibid.,111.
  〔8〕Ibid.,564.
  〔9〕这本百科全书在1858-1863年在纽约出版了16卷,参赛作品一般都 是匿名的。来源: Ibid.,122,125,599-600(n).
  〔10〕Ibid.,124-125.
  〔11〕Ibid.,565.
  〔12〕Caygill,British Museum,12,15,29.
  〔13〕Jenny Marx to Louise von Westphalen,Jan.19,1858,Moscow;KMIR,27.
  〔14〕MECW,Volume 40,143,146.
  〔15〕Ibid.,148.
  〔16〕Jenny Marxto Louise von Westphalen,Jan.19,1858,Moscow.
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 40,191.
  〔18〕Ibid.,197.
  〔19〕Ibid.
  〔20〕Ibid.,199.
  〔21〕Ibid.,566.
  〔22〕Ibid.,224,226,249.
  〔23〕Ibid.,238.
  〔24〕Ibid.,202,213.
  〔25〕Ibid.,203-204.
  〔26〕Ibid.,236.
  〔27〕Ibid.,215.
  〔28〕Ibid.,220.
  〔29〕离婚获得批准后,财产的争夺仍在继续,直到拉萨尔通过并不完全合法的手段,得到哈茨费尔特公爵违法的证据,他威胁公爵如果不分割财产,就把证据公开。公爵权衡利弊之后,分给了公爵夫人和拉萨尔一生享用不尽的财产。来源: Raddatz,Karl Marx,167,171-172;Norman Davies,Europe:A History,837;MECW,Volume 40,23,583-584(n).
  〔30〕MECW,Volume 40,23.
  〔31〕Ibid.,270,286.
  〔32〕Ibid.,255.
  〔33〕Ibid.
  〔34〕Ibid.,273.
  〔35〕Jenny Marx to Louise von Westphalen,Jan.29,1858,Moscow.
  〔36〕Wilson,Victorianss,260,263.
  〔37〕Jenny Marx to Louise von Westphalen,Jan.29,1858,Moscow.
  〔38〕MECW,Volume 41,571;Longuet,Karl Marx,201,204.
  〔39〕Jenny Marx(daughter),May 1,1857,IISG.
  〔40〕Jenny Marx to Berthe Markheim,July 6,1863,Moscow.
  〔41〕MECW,Volume 40,295.
  〔42〕MECW,Volume 40,286.
  〔43〕Ibid.,295.
  〔44〕Ibid.,295,297.
  〔45〕Ibid.,304.
  〔46〕Ibid.,569.
  〔47〕Ibid.,374.
  〔48〕Ibid.,309-310,312.
  〔49〕Ibid.,311.
  〔50〕Ibid.,312.
  〔51〕lbid.,313.
  〔52〕Ibid.,315-316.
  〔53〕Ibid.,318.
  〔54〕O'Neill,Good Old Days,10.
  〔55〕MECW,Volume 40,328.
  〔56〕Ibid.,328-331.
  〔57〕Ibid.,332.
  〔58〕Ibid.,333-334,347,350.
  〔59〕Ibid.,335.
  〔60〕Pamela Hom,Pleasures & Pastimes inVictoriansBritain,125.
  〔61〕MECW,Volume 40,339.
  〔62〕Yvonne Kapp,Eleanor Marx,Volume I,32;MECW,Volume 40,337.
  〔63〕MECW,Volume 40,340.
  〔64〕Ibid.,341.
  〔65〕Ibid.,351.
  〔66〕Ibid.,353-354.
  〔67〕Ibid.,358.
  〔68〕Ibid.,364.
  〔69〕Ibid.,368.
  〔70〕Ibid.,369.
  〔71〕Ibid.,371.
  〔72〕Ibid.,369.

27 福格特事件


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 40,397.
  〔2〕Ibid.,620(n).
  〔3〕Breuilly,Austria,Prussia and Germany,63;MECW,Volume 40,620(n).
  〔4〕Hamerow,Restoration,Revolution,Reaction,240.
  〔5〕Taylor,Struggle for the Mastery of Europe,58.
  〔6〕Breuilly,Austria,Prussia and Germany,63;MECW,Volume 41,617.
  〔7〕Jenny Marx to Louise von Westphalen,Feb.10,1859,Moscow.
  〔8〕MECW,Volume 40,389-390.
  〔9〕Ibid.,400.
  〔10〕MECW,Volume 40,547;KMIR,27.
  〔11〕MECW,Volume 40,402,415.
  〔12〕Ibid.,406,408.
  〔13〕Ibid.,404.
  〔14〕Ibid.,408.
  〔15〕Ibid.,416.
  〔16〕Ibid.,455.
  〔17〕Ibid.,435.
  〔18〕Ibid.,547.
  〔19〕Ibid.,446-447,452.
  〔20〕Ibid.,454.
  〔21〕Ibid.,632-633(n).
  〔22〕Ibid.,520.
  〔23〕Ibid.,439.
  〔24〕Ibid.
  〔25〕Ibid.,462-463.
  〔26〕Padover,Karl Marx,180;MECW,Volume 40,635(n).
  〔27〕MECW,Volume 40,457.
  〔28〕Ibid.,473.
  〔29〕McLellan,Karl Marx,282,286-288.
  〔30〕MECW,Volume 40,471,478.
  〔31〕McLellan,Karl Marx,288.
  〔32〕MECW,Volume 40,518.
  〔33〕Ibid.,473.
  〔34〕Ibid.
  〔35〕Ibid.,479.
  〔36〕Ibid.,572.
  〔37〕Jbid.,472.
  〔38〕Ibid.,484.
  〔39〕Ibid.,501.
  〔40〕Ibid.,489.
  〔41〕Ibid.,490.
  〔42〕Ibid.,491.
  〔43〕Ibid.,493.
  〔44〕Ibid.,575.
  〔45〕Ibid.,498-499.
  〔46〕Ibid.,511.
  〔47〕Ibid.,532-533.
  〔48〕Ibid.,496,508,548.
  〔49〕Ibid.,548.
  〔50〕Jenny Marx to Louise von Westphalen,Feb.10,1859,Moscow. 〔51〕MECW,Volume 40,569.
  〔52〕Ibid.,466.
  〔53〕Ibid.,572-573 and Volume 41,571.
  〔54〕MECW,Volume 40,573-576.
  〔55〕Ibid.,574.
  〔56〕Wilson,Victorianss,225-226.
  〔57〕MECW,Volume 40,551.
  〔58〕MECW,Volume 41,232,246.
  〔59〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx91.
  〔60〕MECW,Volume 40,631;McLellan,Karl Marx,289.
  〔61〕MECW,Volume 40,434.
  〔62〕McLellan,Karl Marx,289.
  〔63〕Ibid.,290;MECW,Volume 40,521.
  〔64〕McLellan,Karl Marx,290.
  〔65〕MECW,Volume 40,514,637-638(n);MECW,Volume 17,10-11.
  〔66〕MECW,Volume 40,515.
  〔67〕McLellan,Karl Marx,290.
  〔68〕Ibid.,291.
  〔69〕MECW,Volume 41,80-83.
  〔70〕Ibid.,188,576.
  〔71〕Ibid.,6.
  〔72〕Ibid.,43 and Volume 17,28-29,41-43,46-48,89;McLellan,Karl Marx,290.
  〔73〕McLellan,Karl Marx,290.
  〔74〕MECW,Volume 41,6,69,261;Mehring,Karl Marx,288.
  〔75〕MECW,Volume 41,9.
  〔76〕Ibid.,13-14.
  〔77〕Ibid.,22-23.
  〔78〕Ibid.,24.
  〔79〕Ibid.,572.
  〔80〕Ibid.,114.
  〔81〕Ibid.,28.
  〔82〕MECW,Volume 17,12-13.
  〔83〕MECW,Volume 41,29.
  〔84〕MECW,Volume 17,14-15.
  〔85〕MECW,Volume 41,75.
  〔86〕MECW,Volume 17,259,279.
  〔87〕MECW,Volume 41,33.
  〔88〕Ibid.,94.
  〔89〕Ibid.,56.
  〔90〕Ibid.,114 .
  〔91〕Ibid.,34,77.
  〔92〕Ibid.,567.
  〔93〕Ibid.,157;Offord,Nineteenth-Century Russia,50;Hobsbawm,Age of Revolution,200.
  〔94〕MECW,Volume 41,567.
  〔95〕燕妮的父母在世时,威斯特华伦家曾投了一笔钱(有些钱还是燕妮给父亲做秘书挣的)给另一家作为投资。这一家后来破产了,威斯特华伦家直到1860年(马克思一家搬去格拉弗顿坊4年之后)才拿回这笔钱,燕妮分到16英镑。来源:MECW,Volume 39,526;Jenny Marx to Ferdinand and Louise von Westphalen,June 4,1860,Moscow.
  〔96〕Jenny Marx to Emestine Liebknecht,Oct.13,1863,Moscow.
  〔97〕Jenny Marx to Ferdinand and Louise von Westphalen,June 4,1860,Moscow.
  〔98〕Havelock Ellis;"Havelock Ellis on Eleanor Marx,"Adelphi,London,Sept.-Oct.1935.
  〔99〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen.Karl Marx,244.
  〔100〕MECW,Volume 41,116.
  〔101〕Ibid.,120-121.
  〔102〕Ibid.,121.
  〔103〕Ibid.,129,609(n).
  〔104〕Ibid.,167.
  〔105〕Ibid.,175-176.
  〔106〕Ibid.,177.
  〔107〕Ibid.,568.
  〔108〕Ibid.,179.
  〔109〕Ibid.,190.
  〔110〕Ibid.,191,198-199.
  〔111〕Ibid,193.
  〔112〕Ibid.,195.
  〔113〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Karl Marx,Sept.17,1862,Moscow.
  〔114〕MECW,Volume 41,197-198.
  〔115〕Ibid.,202.
  〔116〕Ibid.,198,205.
  〔117〕Ibid.,212.
  〔118〕Ibid.,207.
  〔119〕Ibid.,208,211.
  〔120〕Ibid.,214.
  〔121〕Ibid.,216-217,573.
  〔122〕MECW,Volume 41,216;Halliday,Great Filth,8,9,14,16.
  〔123〕MECW,Volume 41,573.
  〔124〕Halliday,Great Filth,8-9,58.
  〔125〕MECW,Volume 41,216.
  〔126〕Ibid.,573.
  〔127〕Ibid.,220-221,224;Liebknecht,Karl Marx,180.
  〔128〕MECW,Volume 41,222,231.
  〔129〕MECW,Volume 17,26,50,69.
  〔130〕MECW,Volume 41,227,234,239,327;McLellan,Karl Marx,292.
  〔131〕MECW,Volume 41,327-328;McLellan,Karl Marx,292.
  〔132〕MECW,Volume 17,26.
  〔133〕REM,20;MECW,Volume 44,130.

28 荷兰之行


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 41,114.
  〔2〕Ibid.,573;Jenny Marx to Antoinette Philips,early May 1861,Moscow.
  〔3〕MECW,Volume 41,574.
  〔4〕“Aleph,”London Scenes,156.
  〔5〕MECW,Volume 41,574.
  〔6〕Ibid.,231,262.
  〔7〕Ibid.,231.
  〔8〕Ibid.,230,232.
  〔9〕Ibid.,243.
  〔10〕Ibid,252,257.
  〔11〕Ibid.,263.
  〔12〕Ibid.,247.
  〔13〕Ibid.,617(n).
  〔14〕Ibid.,252.
  〔15〕Ibid.,261.
  〔16〕Ibid.,264-265.
  〔17〕REM,252-253;Chushichi Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,1855-1898,12.
  〔18〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Karl Kautsky,Jan.1,1898,Moscow;Jenny Marx to Louise von Westphalen,Feb.10,1859,Moscow.
  〔19〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Karl Kautsky,Jan.1,1898,Moscow.
  〔20〕Jenny Marx to Louise von Westphalen,Feb.10,1859,Moscow;MECW,Volume 41,582.
  〔21〕REM,252-253.
  〔22〕MECW,Volume 41,572.
  〔23〕Ibid.,258,261.
  〔24〕Ibid.,264;Padover,Karl Marx,185.
  〔25〕MECW,Volume 41,264.
  〔26〕Ibid.,266.
  〔27〕Ibid.,268.
  〔28〕Ibid.,268-269.
  〔29〕Padover,Karl Marx,186.
  〔30〕MECW,Volume 41,503.
  〔31〕Ibid.,576-578.
  〔32〕Ibid.,576.
  〔33〕Ibid.,577-578.
  〔34〕Ibid.,269-271.
  〔35〕Ozment,Mighty Fortress,165.
  〔36〕MECW,Volume 41,269-271.
  〔37〕Ibid.,273.
  〔38〕Ibid.,578-579.
  〔39〕Ibid.,278.
  〔40〕Jenny Marx to Ferdinand Lassalle,first half of April 1861,Moscow.
  〔41〕MECW,Volume 41,275.
  〔42〕Ibid.,289.
  〔43〕Ibid.,279.
  〔44〕Ibid.,283.
  〔45〕Ibid.,279.
  〔46〕Ibid.,277.
  〔47〕Jenoy Marx to Ferdinand Lassalle,May 5,1861,Moscow.
  〔48〕Ibid.,MECW,Volume 41,277.
  〔49〕MECW,Volume 41,283.
  〔50〕Jenny Marx to Ferdinand Lassalle,May 5,1861,Moscow;Giroud,Femme du diable,164.
  〔51〕MECW,Volume 41,337-338.

29 死亡的阴影


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 41,411.
  〔2〕Wilson,Victorianss,243-244;"Aleph,"London Scenes,162;Hudson,Munby,111.
  〔3〕"Aleph,"London Scenes,162.
  〔4〕Edward Royle,Radical Politics,1790-1900,67.
  〔5〕MECW,Volume 41,335-336;Hudson,Munby,111-113.
  〔6〕MECW,Volume 19,109.
  〔7〕MECW,Volume 41,291.
  〔8〕Ibid.,335-336.
  〔9〕MECW,Volume 19,137-138;D.G.Wright,Democracy and Reform1815-1885,64.
  〔10〕MECW,Volume 19,137-138.
  〔11〕Hudson,Munby,90,113.
  〔12〕MECW,Volume 41,376,416.
  〔13〕Ibid.,4 and Volume 19,10.
  〔14〕MECW,Volume 41,414.
  〔15〕bid.,633(n).
  〔16〕bid.,344,347.
  〔17〕Ibid.,402.
  〔18〕Ibid.,341;Kapp,Eleanor Marx,Volume I,44.
  〔19〕MECW,Volume 41,341.
  〔20〕Ibid.,340-341.
  〔21〕Ibid,343-344.
  〔22〕Ibid.,344,354.
  〔23〕Ibid.,344,369,376,388.
  〔24〕Ibid.,354.
  〔25〕Ibid.,365.
  〔26〕Ibid.,379.
  〔27〕Jenny Marx to Ferdinand Lassalle,May 5,1861,Moscow.
  〔28〕MECW,Volume 41,380.
  〔29〕Ibid.,383.
  〔30〕Ibid.,389-390.
  〔31〕Robert Payne,Karl Marx,334.
  〔32〕MECW,Volume 41,389.
  〔33〕Ibid.,390;Eduard Bernstein,My Years of Exile,158.
  〔34〕MECW,Volume 41,389,399.
  〔35〕Ibid.,389.
  〔36〕Ibid.,390.
  〔37〕Robert Payne,Karl Marx,335.
  〔38〕MECW,Volume 41,399,403.
  〔39〕Ibid.,392.
  〔40〕Ibid.,401.
  〔41〕Ibid.,402.
  〔42〕Ibid.,401,406.
  〔43〕Ibid.,405-406,409.
  〔44〕Ibid.,411,419.
  〔45〕Ibid.,411.
  〔46〕Ibid.,415-416.
  〔47〕bid.,417,425.
  〔48〕Ibid.,414.
  〔49〕Ibid.,427.
  〔50〕Ibid.,582.
  〔51〕Ibid.,429.
  〔52〕MECW,Volume 19,250.
  〔53〕MECW,Volume 41,421.
  〔54〕Ibid.,436.
  〔55〕Ibid.,433;Jenny Marx to Ernestine Liebknecht,Jan.16,1863,Moscow. 〔56〕Jenny Marxto Emestine Liebknecht,Jan.16,1863,Moscow.
  〔57〕MECW,Volume 41,433.
  〔58〕Jenny Marxto Emestine Liebknecht,Jan.16,1863,Moscow.
  〔59〕MECW,Volume 41,441.
  〔60〕Ibid.,442.
  〔61〕Ibid.,443.
  〔62〕Ibid.,444445.
  〔63〕Ibid.,446-448,455.
  〔64〕Ibid.,468.
  〔65〕Ibid.,474,481.
  〔66〕Ibid.,488.
  〔67〕Ibid.,481.
  〔68〕Ibid.,482,582.
  〔69〕Ibid.,488;Jenny Marx to Emestine Liebknecht,Oct.13,1863,Moscow.
  〔70〕Jenny Marx to Karl Marx,early April 1862,Moscow.
  〔71〕MECW,Volume 41,571.
  〔72〕Jenny Marxto Karl Marx,Aug.1863,Moscow.
  〔73〕REM,272;Longuet,Karl Marx,204.
  〔74〕MECW,Volume 41,571.
  〔75〕Jenny Marx to Karl Marx,early April 1862,Moscow.
  〔76〕MECW,Volume 41,583;Jenny Marxto Karl Marx,Aug.1863,Moscow.
  〔77〕MECW,Volume 41,581.
  〔78〕Ibid.,584-585,587.
  〔79〕Ibid.,585.
  〔80〕Ibid.,497,587.
  〔81〕Ibid.,495.
  〔82〕Ibid.,500.
  〔83〕Ibid.,495.
  〔84〕Ibid.,499.
  〔85〕Ibid.,503.
  〔86〕Jenny Marx to Karl Marx,Jan.1864,Moscow.
  〔87〕Ibid.
  〔88〕Jenny Marx to Emestine Liebknecht,Dec.10,1864,Moscow.
  〔89〕Hudson,Munby,173.
  〔90〕MECW,Volume 41,507,510.
  〔91〕Ibid.,508,511.
  〔92〕McLellan,Karl Marx,304;Padover,Karl Marx,192.
  〔93〕Briggs and Callow,Marx in London,62;Sheppard,London 1808-1870,156.
  〔94〕Padover,Karl Marx,193.
  〔95〕McLellan,Karl Marx,325.
  〔96〕Kapp,EleanorMarx,Volume I,57;Briggs and Callow,Marx in London,63.
  〔97〕MECW,Volume 41,518,520,521,522.
  〔98〕Ibid.,523.
  〔99〕Ibid.,524.
  〔100〕Ibid.,525.
  〔101〕Ibid.,170-171.

第五部分 从《资本论》到公社


30 流亡者的圣地


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 20,12.
  〔2〕MECW,Volume 25,266.
  〔3〕Sheppard,London 1808-1870,118.
  〔4〕直到1865年美国宪法第十三修正案通过,奴隶制才被完全禁止。
  〔5〕Offord,Nineteenth-Century Russia,57-59;Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,223.
  〔6〕企业和政府都给了劳工组织一些活动的空间。法律也已经修改,允许建立部分工会和举行罢工。但对工人阶级来说,这远远不够。来源:Sheppard,London 1808-1870,118.
  〔7〕MECW,Volume 41,534.
  〔8〕暴力事件出现,俄国政府指派的官员受到暗杀袭击。结果,有工人受到处罚,甚至被处死。波兰人一直期待相对自由民主的法国和英国能够给予帮助,但他们的期待落空了。来源:Davies,Europe,828.
  〔9〕McLellan,Karl Marx,340.
  〔10〕MECW,Volume 41,546-547.
  〔11〕很多学者认为,马克思试水股票市场可能另有目的,他可能想让姨夫相信自己在进行资本交易,而不是在研究资本。来源: MECW,Volume 41,543.
  〔12〕Jenny Marxto Ernestine Liebknecht,Dec.10,1864,Moscow.
  〔13〕MECW,Volume 41,546.
  〔14〕Jenny Marx to Emestine Liebknecht,July 16,1864,Moscow.
  〔15〕Jenny Marx to Ferdinand von Westphalen,before May 29,1865,Moscow.
  〔16〕Jenny Marxto Karl Marxand daughters,1864,Moscow.
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 41,552.
  〔18〕bid.,556.
  〔19〕Jenny Marx to Emestine Liebknecht,Spring 1866,Moscow.
  〔20〕MECW,Volume 41,553-554.
  〔21〕Jenkins,Engels in Manchester,18.
  〔22〕MECW,Volume 41,555,558;McLellan,Karl Marx,327.
  〔23〕MECW,Volume 43,88.
  〔24〕Sperber (ed.),Germany,1800-1870,73;Breuilly(ed.),19th-CenturyGermany,144,151.
  〔25〕MECW,Volume 41,556.
  〔26〕Ibid.,560.
  〔27〕MECW,Volume 42,15-16.
  〔28〕Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,49.
  〔29〕McLellan,Karl Marx,341-342;Padover,Karl Marx,223;Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,136;Sheppard,London 1808-1870,336-337.
  〔30〕Padover,Karl Marx,223.
  〔31〕MECW,Volume 42,3-4,587-588(n).
  〔32〕Ibid.,3-4.
  〔33〕Ibid.,17-18.
  〔34〕MECW,Volume 20,9-11.
  〔35〕MECW,Volume 42,43-44.
  〔36〕Raddatz,Karl Marx,123.
  〔37〕Carr,Michael Bakunin,197,201.
  〔38〕Ibid.,205,207,210.
  〔39〕Ibid.,220.
  〔40〕Ibid.,223.
  〔41〕Ibid.,227.
  〔42〕Ibid.,232-235.
  〔43〕Ibid.,242.
  〔44〕MECW,Volume 41,492.
  〔45〕Carr,Michael Bakunin,305.
  〔46〕Ibid.,308.
  〔47〕Ibid.,287,295,299,301.
  〔48〕MECW,Volume 42,18-19.
  〔49〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,281.
  〔50〕Jenny Marx to Emestine Liebknecht,Dec.10,1864,Moscow.
  〔51〕Pool,What Jane Austin Ate,53,78.
  〔52〕Giroud,Femme du diable,177.
  〔53〕Jenny Marx to Emestine Liebknecht,Dec.10,1864,Moscow.
  〔54〕MECW,Volume,20,19-20.
  〔55〕MECW,Volume 42,86,161.
  〔56〕The Times,London,Feb.6,1865.
  〔57〕MECW,Volume 41,582.
  〔58〕Eleanor Marx to Laura Marx,Dec.29,1868,Moscow.
  〔59〕Emestine Liebknecht to Jenny Marx(daughter),late Dec.1865,IISG.
  〔60〕Leslie Derfler,Paul Lafargue and the Founding of French Marxism,49.
  〔61〕Longuet,Karl Marx,217-218.
  〔62〕Clemenceau became prime minister of France in 1906.Longuet,Karl Marx,218.
  〔63〕Jacques Mace,Paul er Laura Lafargue,25.
  〔64〕Derfler,Paul Lafargue and the Flowering of French Socialism,2.
  〔65〕拉法格说自己曾在1865年受国际工人协会巴黎分部委托来伦敦送信。 不过,给拉法格写过传记的莱斯利·德夫勒对此表示怀疑,他怀疑拉法格在1866年是否待在伦敦,而且巴黎分部怎么会派一个新人去伦敦给中央委员会送信。来 源:Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,33;Lafargue,Karl Marx,11;Macé, Paul et Laura Lafargue,14-17.
  〔66〕Mace,Paul et Laura Lafargue,16.
  〔67〕Lafargue,Karl Marx,11.
  〔68〕MECW,Volume 42,106.
  〔69〕Lafargue,Karl Marx,11.
  〔70〕bid.,13-14.
  〔71〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,34.
  〔72〕Eleanor Marx to Friedrich Engels,Feb.13,1865,Moscow.
  〔73〕Eleanor Marx to Friedrich Engels,Feb.1865,Moscow.
  〔74〕MECW,Volume 42,129-130.
  〔75〕国际工人协会中央委员会的名称在1866年改为总委员会。来源:MECW,Volume 42,140 and Volume 43,545.
  〔76〕MECW,Volume 42,144.
  〔77〕Ibid.,597(n).
  〔78〕Ibid.,227.
  〔79〕Ibid.,78.
  〔80〕MECW,Volume 20,362.
  〔81〕Longuet,Karl Marx,201.
  〔82〕MECW,Volume 42,155.
  〔83〕The Times,London,Apr.27,1865.
  〔84〕MECW,Volume 42,150.
  〔85〕MECW,Volume 20,99-100.
  〔86〕MECW,Volume 42,414.
  〔87〕Ibid.,150.
  〔88〕Ibid.
  〔89〕Jenny Marx to Emestine Liebknecht,before May 27,1865,Moscow.
  〔90〕Jenny Marx to Ferdinand von Westphalen,before May 29,1865,Moscow;Jenny Marxto Emestine Liebknecht,before May 27,1865,Moscow.
  〔91〕Jenny Marx to Ferdinand von Westphalen,before May 29,1865,Moscow;Edgar von Westphalen to Ferdinand von Westphalen,May 26,1865,Dessau; Jenny Marx(daughter)to Emestine Liebknecht,Nov.10,1865,Moscow.
  〔92〕Edgar von Westphalen to Ferdinand von Westphalen,May 26,1865,Dessau.
  〔93〕Ferdinand von Westphalen to Edgar von Westphalen,Apr.9,1859,Dessau.
  〔94〕Jenny Marx to Ferdinand von Westphalen,before May 29,1865,Moscow.
  〔95〕MECW,Volume 42,160.
  〔96〕Ibid.,159.
  〔97〕Jenny Marx to Friedrich Engels,May 20,1865,Moscow.
  〔98〕MECW,Volume 42,172-174.
  〔99〕bid.,177
  〔100〕Ibid.,175.
  〔101〕bid.,178.
  〔102〕Ibid.,180.
  〔103〕Ibid.,183-184.
  〔104〕Ibid.,180,184,193,196.
  〔105〕Ibid.,187-188.
  〔106〕Ibid.,213,221.
  〔107〕Hudson,Munby,216.
  〔108〕MECW,Volume 42,228.
  〔109〕Ibid.,223-224,228.
  〔110〕Ibid.,227.
  〔111〕Ibid.,249,573-574
  〔112〕Ibid.,225-226,233.
  〔113〕Ibid.,233-234.
  〔114〕Ibid.,236,250.
  〔115〕Ibid.,238.

31 拉法格之恋


  〔1〕Germaine de Stael,Delphine,371.
  〔2〕MECW,Volume 42,250;Longuet,Karl Marx,211.
  〔3〕Pawel,Poet Dying,117-119.
  〔4〕Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,21;Derfiler,Founding of French Marcism,25.
  〔5〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,26.
  〔6〕Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,25.
  〔7〕Ibid.,26;Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,27.
  〔8〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,29.
  〔9〕Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,27-28;Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,30-31.
  〔10〕Jenny Marx to Emestine Liebknecht,Oct.14,1867,Moscow;Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,28;Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,32;Porter,Refugee Question,35;Taylor,Struggle for Mastery of Europe,101.
  〔11〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,34.
  〔12〕Longuet,Karl Marx,220.
  〔13〕MECW,Volume 20,339.
  〔14〕MECW,Volume 42,243.
  〔15〕Ibid.,243,250.
  〔16〕Raddatz,Karl Marx,66.
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 42,250-251.
  〔18〕Ibid.,240;Olga Meier,Michèle Perrot,and Michel Trebitsch (eds.),The Daughters of Karl Marx,5.
  〔19〕MECW,Volume 42,241.
  〔20〕Ibid.,245-246.
  〔21〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,5.
  〔22〕MECW,Volume 42,246.
  〔23〕Longuet,Karl Marx,220.
  〔24〕REM,82.
  〔25〕Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,33.
  〔26〕MECW,Volume 42,249.
  〔27〕Jenny Marx to Emestine Liebknecht,Spring 1866,Moscow.
  〔28〕Jenny Marx to Ferdinand von Westphalen,Aug.8,1865,Moscow.
  〔29〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,6-7.
  〔30〕Ibid.,8.
  〔31〕MECW,Volume 42,254.
  〔32〕Ibid.,262.
  〔33〕Ibid.,268;Jenny Marx to Emestine Liebknecht,Spring 1866,Moscow.
  〔34〕D.G.Williamson,Bismarck and Germany,10,22-23;Breuilly,AustriaPrussia and Germany,7;Sperber(ed.),Germany1800-1870,85;MECW,Volume 42,288.
  〔35〕Robert Payne,Karl Marx,390;Mayer,"Letters of Karl Marx to Karl Blind,"155.
  〔36〕MECW,Volume 42,272-273.
  〔37〕Ibid,273-274.
  〔38〕Ibid.,274.
  〔39〕Ibid.,287.
  〔40〕MECW,Volume 20,411.
  〔41〕MECW,Volume 42,303-304.
  〔42〕Jenny Marx to Emestine Liebknecht,Oct.14,1867,Moscow.
  〔43〕MECW,Volume 42,306.
  〔44〕Ibid.,307-308.
  〔45〕Ibid,308.
  〔46〕Ibid.,308-309.
  〔47〕Ibid.,309-310.
  〔48〕Ibid.,310.
  〔49〕Ibid.,313;Emile Bottigelli(ed.),Lettres et documents de Karl Marx,Karl Marx to Laura and Eleanor Marx,Aug.28,1866.
  〔50〕MECW,Volume 42,313.
  〔51〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Jenny Marx,Sept.2,1866,Moscow.
  〔52〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Eleanor and Laura Marx,Sept.6,1866,Moscow;Eleanor Marx to Alice Liebknecht,Oct.14,1866,Moscow.
  〔53〕Meier,Perot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,9.
  〔54〕Jenny Marx to Emestine Liebknecht,Oct.14,1867,Moscow.
  〔55〕MECW,Volume 42,328.
  〔56〕Ibid.,321.
  〔57〕Ibid.,398.
  〔58〕Ibid.,331.
  〔59〕Ibid.,332.
  〔60〕Ibid.
  〔61〕Ibid.,576.
  〔62〕Ibid.,343-344.
  〔63〕Ibid.,383.
  〔64〕Ibid.,350-351.
  〔65〕Meier,Perot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,16;MECW,Volume 42,352.
  〔66〕MECW,Volume 3,248.

32 《资本论》问世


  〔1〕Honoré de Balzac,The Unknown Masterpiece,40.
  〔2〕MECW,Volume 42,362-364.
  〔3〕Ibid.,357.
  〔4〕Ibid.,358.
  〔5〕Ibid.,366.
  〔6〕Ibid.,371.
  〔7〕Ibid.,369.
  〔8〕Ibid.,360-361.
  〔9〕MECW,Volume 42,371-372.
  〔10〕Ibid,347-348.
  〔11〕Ibid.,381-382.
  〔12〕Ibid.,383,394.
  〔13〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,17,19.
  〔14〕Ibid.,16.
  〔15〕Jenny Marx(daughter),undated Maitland Park,IISG.
  〔16〕Jenny Marx(daughter)notebook,IISG;Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,16-17;MECW,Volume 42,369,649(n).
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 42,396-397.
  〔18〕Jenny Marx to Emestine Liebknecht,Oct.14,1867,Moscow.
  〔19〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Jenny Marx,1867,Moscow.
  〔20〕Ibid.
  〔21〕REM,185.
  〔22〕MECW,Volume 42,400.
  〔23〕Ibid.,402-405.
  〔24〕Ibid.,405.
  〔25〕REM,26-27.
  〔26〕MECW,Volume 42,405-406.
  〔27〕Ibid.,431;Padover,Karl Marx,208.
  〔28〕MECW,Volume 42,428.
  〔29〕Ibid,451,462;Carver,Engels,Short Introduction,49-50.
  〔30〕MECW,Volume 42,512.
  〔31〕Ibid.,444,467.
  〔32〕Ibid.,443.
  〔33〕Ibid.,490.
  〔34〕McLellan,Karl Marx,325.
  〔35〕MECW,Volume 42,549.
  〔36〕Ibid.,453.
  〔37〕Ibid.,453-454.
  〔38〕Ibid.,458.
  〔39〕Ibid.,507.
  〔40〕Davies,Europe,837.
  〔41〕Berlin,Karl Marx,15.
  〔42〕KMIR,145.
  〔43〕MECW,Volume 35,739.
  〔44〕Ibid,748.
  〔45〕Ibid,47-48.
  〔46〕Ibid,181-182.
  〔47〕MECW,Volume 42,514.
  〔48〕MECW,Volume 35,195.
  〔49〕Ibid.,195.
  〔50〕Ibid.,510.
  〔51〕马克思与经济学家亚当·斯密看法不同,后者认为资本控制劳动。马 克思认为资本控制无偿劳动。来源:MECW,Volume 35,219,534.
  〔52〕Ibid.,158-159.
  〔53〕Ibid.,162-164.
  〔54〕Ibid.,534.
  〔55〕Ibid.,570-571.
  〔56〕Ibid.,531.
  〔57〕Ibid.,202.
  〔58〕Ibid.,626.
  〔59〕Berlin,Karl Marx,176.
  〔60〕MECW,Volume 35,471,87,183.
  〔61〕bid.,241.
  〔62〕Ibid.,271.
  〔63〕Ibid.,336.
  〔64〕Ibid.,306-307.
  〔65〕Ibid.,750.
  〔66〕Ibid.,751.
  〔67〕MECW,Volume 42,578-579.

33 劳拉的婚札


  〔1〕Lafargue,Karl Marx,14.
  〔2〕MECW,Volume 42,519.
  〔3〕Ibid.,535.
  〔4〕Ibid.,538.
  〔5〕Ibid.,517.
  〔6〕MECW,Volume 43,25.(By way of comparison,Charles Dickens earned £33,000 in 1868 alone.Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,332.)
  〔7〕MECW,Volume 42,579.
  〔8〕Jenny Marx to Emestine Liebknecht,Oct.14,1867,Moscow.
  〔9〕MECW,Volume 42,529.
  〔10〕Padover,Karl Marx,195.
  〔11〕Morton,Home Rule,1,3,5;Wilson,Victorianss,77,79,80,83;Hobsbawm,Age of Revolution,201-202.
  〔12〕MECW,Volume 21,190,192 and Volume 42,486.
  〔13〕Paul Rose,The Manchester Martyrs,16.
  〔14〕bid.,13.
  〔15〕Ibid.,17-19.
  〔16〕Jenkins,Engels in Manchester,18;REM,88.
  〔17〕Rose,Manchester Martyrs,28;Annie Besant,An Autobiography,73-74.
  〔18〕Mayer,Friedrich Engels,202;REM,88;Rose,Manchester Martyrs,75.
  〔19〕Rose,Manchester Martyrs,38,42;Besant,Autobiography,75.
  〔20〕MECW,Volume 42,501.
  〔21〕Ibid.,483.
  〔22〕Ibid.,431.
  〔23〕Ibid.,444.
  〔24〕Rose,Manchester Martyrs,46;Besant,Autobiography,75-76.
  〔25〕Rose,Manchester Martyrs,67.
  〔26〕MECW,Volume 42,460 and Volume 21,121.
  〔27〕Rose,Manchester Martyrs,70.
  〔28〕Ibid.,11;MECW,Volume 42,484;Morton,Home Rule,19.
  〔29〕Morton,Home Rule,19.
  〔30〕MECW,Volume 42,474.
  〔31〕O'Neill,Good Old Days,225;Winder,Bloody Foreigners,205.
  〔32〕MECW,Volume 42,505-506.
  〔33〕Ibid.,479.
  〔34〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,42-43.
  〔35〕MECW,Volume 42,483,492,666(n).
  〔36〕Ibid.,501-502.
  〔37〕Ibid.,503.
  〔38〕Ibid.,542,553.
  〔39〕Flanders,VictoriansHouse,197;MECW,Volume 42,72.
  〔40〕MECW,Volume 42,538.
  〔41〕Ibid.,542,548.
  〔42〕MECW,Volume 42,551.
  〔43〕Ibid.,554.
  〔44〕FE-PL,Volume I,20.
  〔45〕Ibid.,22,23.
  〔46〕MECW,Volume 42,316.
  〔47〕Ibid.,547,556,557.
  〔48〕Padover,Karl Marx,284.
  〔49〕Derfier,Founding of French Marxism,58.
  〔5 0〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,32.
  〔51〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Laura Lafargue,Apr.7,1868,Moscow.
  〔52〕MECW,Volume 43,9-10.
  〔53〕Ibid.,25.
  〔54〕Ibid.,28.
  〔55〕Eleanor Marx,notebook,IISG.
  〔56〕Eleanor Marx to Lion Philips,undated(1863),Moscow.
  〔57〕MECW,Volume 42,513,525.
  〔58〕Lafargue,Karl Marx,29.
  〔59〕O'Neill,Good Old Days,225;Wilson,Victorianss,338.
  〔60〕Eleanor Marx to Lizzy Burns,Feb.14,1868,Moscow.
  〔61〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Eleanor Marx,June 1868,Moscow.
  〔62〕MECW,Volume 43,44.
  〔63〕Ibid.,50.
  〔64〕Ibid.,75.
  〔65〕Ibid.,72.
  〔66〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Laura Lafargue,Dec.24,1868;MECW,Volume 43,171.
  〔67〕MECW,Volume 43,171.
  〔68〕Ibid.,213.
  〔69〕Ibid.,199.
  〔70〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Laura Lafargue,Jan.7,1869,Moscow.
  〔71〕Ibid.
  〔72〕MECW,Volume 43,594(n).
  〔73〕Ibid.,130-131.
  〔74〕Ibid.,169-170.
  〔75〕Ibid.,214.
  〔76〕Olsen,Growth of VictoriansLondon,237;Cole and Postgate,British Common People,354.
  〔77〕MECW,Volume 43,171-172.

34 小燕坭登上舞台


  〔1〕Charles Proles,Gustave Flourens,92.
  〔2〕MECW,Volume 20,478(n);Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,283-284.
  〔3〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,285.
  〔4〕Ibid.,286.
  〔5〕Mehring,Karl Marx,394.
  〔6〕McLellan,Karl Marx,360;MECW,Volume 44,291.
  〔7〕MECW,Volume 43,8.
  〔8〕Mehring,Karl Marx,392.
  〔9〕MECW,Volume 42,515,520,669(n);Mehring,Karl Marx,393.
  〔10〕MECW,Volume 42,520.
  〔11〕MECW,Volume 43,173-174.
  〔12〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,61.
  〔13〕MECW,Volume 43,155.
  〔14〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,33-34.
  〔15〕Laura Lafargue to Karl Marx,Nov.2,1868,Moscow.
  〔16〕MECW,Volume 42,178.
  〔17〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,61.
  〔18〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,38.
  〔19〕MECW,Volume 43,216.
  〔20〕Ibid.,243.
  〔21〕Ibid.,216.
  〔22〕Ibid.,225.
  〔23〕Ibid.,229.
  〔24〕Ibid.,214.
  〔25〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,37 .
  〔26〕MECW,Volume 43,217,608(n).
  〔27〕Ibid.,287-288.
  〔28〕Ibid.,290.
  〔29〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,66.
  〔30〕MECW,Volume 43,243.
  〔31〕Ibid.
  〔32〕Thomas,Women Incendiaries,34.
  〔33〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,63;Thomas,Women Incendiaries,28.
  〔34〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,70.
  〔35〕Thomas,Women Incendiaries,27.
  〔36〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,37.
  〔37〕Ibid.,46.
  〔38〕MECW,Volume 43,262.
  〔39〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,38.
  〔40〕Contemporary Review,London,No.6,June 1868,317.
  〔41〕Karl MarxJenny Marx,and Friedrich EngelsLettres à Kugelmann,186-187.
  〔42〕MECW,Volume 43,410,528.
  〔43〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,40.
  〔44〕MECW,Volume 43,270.
  〔45〕Ibid.,275.
  〔46〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Jenny Marx,May 1869,Moscow;MECW,Volume 21,48,466(n).
  〔47〕MECW,Volume 43,297;618-619(n).(The upper ten thousand referred to the aristocracy and the literary and political classes.Wilson,Victorianss,274.)
  〔48〕MECW,Volume 43,310,623(n).
  〔49〕Ibid.,620(n).
  〔50〕马克思和小燕妮在9月一起去了德国,在10月12日之前返回。他们在汉诺威与库格曼一家待在一起,马克思见了政治伙伴。来源: MECW,Volume 43,353.
  〔51〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,49;Eleanor Marx Aveling to Karl Kautsky,Mar.15,1898,Moscow.
  〔52〕MECW,Volume 43,295,308.
  〔53〕Ibid.,303.
  〔54〕Jenkins,Engels in Manchester,10;REM,186.
  〔55〕MECW,Volume 43,299.
  〔56〕Carver,Friedrich Engels,141;Hunt,Frock-Coated Communist,240.
  〔57〕MECW,Volume 43,302-303.
  〔58〕MECW,Volume 43,311;Mayer,Friedrich Engels,253.
  〔59〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,51-52;Eleanor Marx to Jenny Marx(daughter),July 1969,Moscow.
  〔60〕MECW,Volume 43,356-357.
  〔61〕Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa,My Years in English Jails,8-9,30.
  〔62〕MECW,Volume 21,101.
  〔63〕Bert Andreas(ed.),Briefe und Dokumente de Familie Marx,131.
  〔64〕MECW,Volume 43,546.
  〔65〕Ibid.,366.
  〔66〕Ibid.,365.
  〔67〕Morton,Home Rule,13.
  〔68〕O'Donovan Rossa,My Years,214.
  〔69〕MECW,Volume 43,387.
  〔70〕Andreas,Briefe und Dokumente,205.
  〔71〕MECW,Volume 43,449.
  〔72〕Ibid.,640(n);Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,64(n).
  〔73〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,65;David Wetzel,A Duel of Giants,44.
  〔74〕Washbume,Recollections,3.
  〔75〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,75.
  〔76〕Washburne,Recollecrions,7.
  〔77〕MECW,Volume 43,419;Thomas,Women Incendiaries,34.
  〔78〕Thomas,Women Incendiaries,34.
  〔79〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,60-61.
  〔80〕MECW,Volume 43,314-316.
  〔81〕Ibid.,644(n).
  〔82〕Ibid.,431.
  〔83〕Proles,Gustave Flourens,51.
  〔84〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,65-66.
  〔85〕MECW,Volume 43,440.
  〔86〕Ibid.,646(n).
  〔87〕MECW,Volume 21,101-102.
  〔88〕MECW,Volume 43,444445.
  〔89〕Charles Habeneck to Jenny Marx(daughter),1870,Moscow.
  〔90〕Jennychen published eight articles in La Marseillaise from March 1 to April 24,1870.MECW,Volume 21,414-416 and Volume 43,646(n).
  〔91〕O'Donovan Rossa,My Years,98;MECW,Volume 21,417-418.
  〔92〕MECW,Volume 43,497;Marx,Marx,and Engels,Lettres à Kugelmann,192.
  〔93〕O'Donovan Rossa,My Years,198;MECW,Volume 21,417-418.
  〔94〕MECW,Volume 43,454-455.
  〔95〕MECW,Volume 21,420.
  〔96〕MECW,Volume 43,458.
  〔97〕Ibid.,461,649(n);O’Donovan Rossa,My Years,218.
  〔98〕MECW,Volume 43,461.
  〔99〕Ibid.,458.
  〔100〕Ibid.,466.
  〔101〕Ibid.,423,559.
  〔102〕Ibid.,559.
  〔103〕拿破仑三世通过模糊的措辞,使得反对加强皇权的选票同时也反对立法议员要求的民主改革,而支持授予他更多权力的选票则能让他的统治更加合法,让他日渐衰弱的根基得到强化。来源: Washburne,Recollections,26; MECW,Volume 43,653(n),656(n).
  〔104〕MECW,Volume 22,3 and Volume 43,522.
  〔105〕MECW,Volume 43,656(n).
  〔106〕Ibid.,444.
  〔107〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,65.
  〔108〕MECW,Volume 43,446.
  〔109〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,66.
  〔110〕MECW,Volume 43,486.
  〔111〕Ibid.,556-557.
  〔112〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,62.
  〔113〕MECW,Volume 43,497.
  〔114〕Andreas,Briefe und Dokumente,217.
  〔115〕MECW,Volume 43,504-505.
  〔116〕Proles,Gustave Flourens,52.
  〔117〕MECW,Volume 44,558.
  〔118〕MECW,Volume 43,495.
  〔119〕Ibid.,442,514.
  〔120〕Jenny Marx to Friedrich Engels,July 12,1870,Moscow.

35 普法战争


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 49,35.
  〔2〕Washbume,Recollections,26;Wetzel,Duel of Giants,31,37-38,96,110;Taylor,Struggle for Mastery of Europe,203-204;Ozment,Mighty Fortress,210.
  〔3〕Washbume,Recollections,33-34.
  〔4〕Ibid.,55.
  〔5〕Andreas,Briefe und Dokumente,224.
  〔6〕MECW,Volume 44,591(n).
  〔7〕The Social Democratic Workers'Party was formed in August 1869 after breaking away from the General Union.Williamson,Bismarck andGermany,48.
  〔8〕MECW,Volume 44,3-4.
  〔9〕MECW,Volume 22,4.
  〔10〕Ibid.,6.
  〔11〕Ibid.,3-7.
  〔12〕MECW,Volume 44,40,598(n).
  〔13〕Ibid.,7,35,593(n).
  〔14〕Ibid.,32,58.
  〔15〕小燕妮说自己称呼恩格斯“将军”是因为他的军事文章极为精彩,也因为《费加罗报》用到这个词的时候,好像就是在特指某个人。来源: Andreas,Briefe und Dokumente,229.
  〔16〕Washbune,Recollections,54-55.
  〔17〕Ibid.,59-60.
  〔18〕MECW,Volume 44,64-65,71.
  〔19〕Prosper Lissagaray,History of the Commune of 1871,1.
  〔20〕Washbume,Recollections,65.
  〔21〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,69,72,74-75,77.
  〔22〕MECW,Volume 44,59.
  〔23〕Ibid.,65.
  〔24〕Washbune,Recollections,100.
  〔25〕Ibid.,105-106;W.H.C.Smith,Second Empire,56-57.
  〔26〕Washbume,Recollections,108.
  〔27〕Ibid.,111.
  〔28〕Ibid.,126.
  〔29〕Ibid.,131.
  〔30〕Ibid.,109.
  〔31〕Ibid.,131.
  〔32〕Charles Longuet to Karl Marx,Sept.5,1870,Moscow.
  〔33〕MECW,Volume 44,64-65.
  〔34〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,78-79.
  〔35〕Washbume,Recollections,140-141.
  〔36〕Ibid.,133.
  〔37〕MECW,Volume 44,560.
  〔38〕Robert Gildea,The Third Republic,3.
  〔39〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,20;W.H.C.Smith,Second Empire,57.
  〔40〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,21.
  〔41〕Washburne,Recollections,208-209;Lissagaray,History of the Commune,22.
  〔42〕Washbume,Recollections,210;Lissagaray,History of the Commune,23.
  〔43〕Washbume,Recollections,212;Lissagaray,History of the Commune,25.
  〔44〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,32.
  〔45〕Washbume,Recollections,201.
  〔46〕REM,186.
  〔47〕MECW,Volume 42,530;Thomas,Women Incendiaries,72-74;Car,Michael Bakunin,446.
  〔48〕Lafargue,Karl Marx,17.
  〔49〕MECW,Volume 44,105.
  〔50〕Marx,Marx,and Engels,Lettres à Kugelmann,171;MECW,Volume 43,548.
  〔51〕MECW,Volume 44,81,102.
  〔52〕REM,90;Lafargue,Karl Marx,31.
  〔53〕Andreas,Briefe und Dokumente,229.
  〔54〕Paul Lafargue to Karl Marx,late 1870,IISG.
  〔55〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,80-82.
  〔56〕Washbume,Recollections,175,267.
  〔57〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,82.
  〔58〕Washbune,Recollections,235,244,271,274.
  〔59〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,31.
  〔60〕Washbume,Recollections,271.
  〔61〕MECW,Volume 44,108.
  〔62〕MECW,Volume 22,274 and Volume 44,595(n),606(n).
  〔63〕MECW,Volume 44,97.
  〔64〕Ibid.,95-96.
  〔65〕O'Donovan Rossa,My Years,227;Jenny Marx(daughter)to Kugelmann,Jan.27,1871,Moscow.
  〔66〕O’Donovan Rossa,My Years,227.
  〔67〕Ibid.,237-238.
  〔68〕Washburme,Recollections,290.
  〔69〕Alistair Home,The Terrible Year,53.
  〔70〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,33.
  〔71〕Williamson,Bismarck and Germany,41,65;Taylor,Struggle for Mas- tery of Europe,210.
  〔72〕Home,Terrible Year,59;Lissagaray,History of the Commune,34-35.
  〔73〕Home,Terrible Year,60;Washbume,Recollections,320-321.
  〔74〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,26,36.
  〔75〕Ibid.,36.
  〔76〕Washburne,Recollections,323.
  〔77〕Home,Terrible Year,61;Washbume,Recollections,324;Lissagaray,History of the Commune,37.
  〔78〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,38-39.
  〔79〕Home,Terrible Year,61;Washbume,Recollections,325.
  〔80〕Washburne,Recollections,327-328;Lissagaray,History of the Commune,41.
  〔81〕Thomas,Women Incendiaries,50.
  〔82〕Home,Terrible Year,66;Lissagaray,History of the Commune,56-57.

36 公社万岁


  〔1〕Thomas,Women Incendiaries,128.
  〔2〕Ibid.,51;Lissagaray,History of the Commune,66.
  〔3〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,70,77;Home,Terrible Year,72.
  〔4〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,207-209.
  〔5〕Ibid.,72.
  〔6〕Ibid.,72-73.
  〔7〕Ibid.,74.
  〔8〕Proles,Gustave Flourens,81.
  〔9〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,74.
  〔10〕Thomas,Women Incendiaries,52;Lissagaray,History of the Commune,78-79.〔11〕MECW,Volume 22,323;Lissagaray,History of the Commume,80.
  〔12〕Thomas,Women Incendiaries,54.
  〔13〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,81.
  〔14〕Ibid.,84.
  〔15〕Ibid.,128-129.
  〔16〕W.H.C.Smith,Second Empire,63.
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 22,157,288.
  〔18〕Ibid.,289.
  〔19〕MECW,Volume 44,130-131.
  〔20〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,164.
  〔21〕Prolès,Gustave Flourens,85-87;Lissagaray,History of the Commune,166.
  〔22〕Prolès,Gustave Flourens,87-90.
  〔23〕Ibid.,90;MECW,Volume 22,326;Lissagaray,History of the Commune,166.
  〔24〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,167-168;Home,Terrible Year,95.
  〔25〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,169.
  〔26〕Ibid.,185.
  〔27〕Ibid.,191.
  〔28〕Prolès,Gustave Flourens,91.
  〔29〕The Daily Telegraph,London,April 5,1871,4.
  〔30〕Jenny Marx to Kugelmann,May 12,1871,Moscow;MECW,Volume 22,326.
  〔31〕Marx,Marx,and Engels,Lettres à Kugelmann,192;Andreas,Briefe und Dokumente,xvii.
  〔32〕MECW,Volume 44,129.
  〔33〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,91-92.
  〔34〕Ibid.,87.
  〔35〕Ibid.,99.
  〔36〕Ibid.,98-99.
  〔37〕Marx,Marx,and Engels,Lettres à Kugelmann,192.
  〔38〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Laura Lafargue,Apr.18,1871,Moscow;Marx,Marx,and Engels,Lettres à Kugelmann,192.
  〔39〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,99;Marx,Marx,and Engels,Lettres à Kugelmann,192.
  〔40〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,273.
  〔41〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,103-106;Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,56-57.
  〔42〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Karl and Jenny Marx,May 4,1871,Moscow; Jenny Marx to Kugelmann,May 12,1871,Moscow;Jenny Marx(daughter)to Friedrich Engels,May 9,1871,Moscow.
  〔43〕Marx,Marx,and Engels,Lettres à Kugelmann,173.
  〔44〕MECW,Volume 44,131-132.
  〔45〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,295.
  〔46〕Hone,Terrible Year,114-115;Lissagaray,History of the Commune,290-291;The Times,London,May 17,1871,5.
  〔47〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,306.
  〔48〕Horne,Terrible Year,121;Thomas,Women Incendiaries,151; Lissagaray,History of the Commune,312,314.
  〔49〕Horne,Terrible Year,121.
  〔50〕Ibid.,112;Lissagaray,History of the Commune,298,314.
  〔51〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,300,324;Thomas,Women Incendiaries,x.
  〔52〕Home,Terrible Year,139;Lissagaray,History of the Commune,329.
  〔53〕Home,Terrible Year,133;The Times,London,May 31,1871,9.
  〔54〕The Eastern Post,London,Apr.20,1872,20.
  〔55〕Home,Terrible Year,129,131;The Evening Standard,London,May 25,18 71,1;The Evening Standard,London,May 26,1871,1;The Standard,London,May 29,1871,5.
  〔56〕Thomas,Women Incendiaries,166.
  〔57〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,366.
  〔58〕Ibid.,383.
  〔59〕MECW,Volume 44,143.
  〔60〕Ibid.,151.
  〔61〕Horne,Terrible Year,126.
  〔62〕MECW,Volume 44,151.
  〔63〕Ibid.,153.
  〔64〕Jenny Marx to Karl Marx,undated(Spring 1871),Moscow.
  〔65〕Ibid.
  〔66〕Hone,Terrible Year,137;Lissagaray,History of the Commune,384 385,489.
  〔67〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,484.
  〔68〕Ibid.,491.
  〔69〕The Evening Standard,London,May 31,1871,1.
  〔70〕Ibid.
  〔71〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,390-391.
  〔72〕The Standard,London,June 2,1871,5.
  〔73〕Horne,Terrible Year,139;W.H.C.Smith,Second Empire,65; Lissagaray,History of the Commune,395.
  〔74〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,397.
  〔75〕Hormne,Terrible Year,139;Lissagaray,History of the Commune,458-459.
  〔76〕MECW,Volume 44,159;McLellan,Karl Marx,368;Berlin,Karl Marx,189.
  〔77〕MECW,Volume 22,336.
  〔78〕Ibid.,355.
  〔79〕McLellan,Karl Marx,372.
  〔80〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,333.
  〔81〕Pall Mall Gazette,London,May 1871,2065.
  〔82〕The New York World,June 3,1871,1.
  〔83〕Chicago Tribune,June 5,1871,1.
  〔84〕The Evening Standard,London,June 23,1871,5.
  〔85〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,465.
  〔86〕McLellan,Karl Marx,366.
  〔87〕MECW,Volume 23,223.
  〔88〕MECW,Volume 44,158,680(n).
  〔89〕Ibid.,564;Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,108.
  〔90〕MECW,Volume 44,153-154,617(n);Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,108.
  〔91〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Friedrich Engels,July 5,1871,ISG.
  〔92〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to “doctor”[Ludwig Kugelmann],Oct.3,1871,Moscow.
  〔93〕MECW,Volume 24,460-461;Derfler,Founding of French Marxism109.
  〔94〕Georg Eckert (ed.),Wilhelm Liebknecht Briefwechsel,478.
  〔95〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,109.

37 姐妹被软禁


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 22,632.
  〔2〕Eckert(ed.),Wilhelm Liebknecht Briefwechsel,478;MECW,Volume 22,623.
  〔3〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Friedrich Engeis,July 5,1871,IISG.
  〔4〕Eckert (ed.),Wilhelm Liebknecht Briefwechsel,478;MECW,Volume 22,623.
  〔5〕Ibid.
  〔6〕MECW,Volume 24,460-461.
  〔7〕Eckert(ed.),Wilhelm Liebknecht Briefwechsel,478-479,484;MECW Volume 22,623-625 and Volume 44,564.
  〔8〕Eckert(ed.),Wilhelm Liebknecht Briefwechsel,414.
  〔9〕Ibid.,479-480;MECW,Volume 22,625.
  〔10〕MECW,Volume 24,460-461.
  〔11 〕Eckert (ed.),Wilhelm Liebknecht Briefwechsel,480-482;MECW,Volume 22,625-627.
  〔12〕Eckert(ed.),Wilhelm Liebknecht Briefwechsel,482-483;MECW,Volume 22,628-629.
  〔13〕McLellan,Karl Marx,373;Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,113.
  〔14〕Eckert(ed.),Wilhelm Liebknecht Briefwechsel,483;MECW,Volume 22,630.
  〔15〕Paul Lafargue to Karl Marx,Apr.16,1871,ISG.
  〔16〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,113.
  〔17〕W.H.C.Smith,Second Empire,70;The Standard,London,June3,1871,5.
  〔18〕MECW,Volume 44,154.
  〔19〕Porter,Refugee Question,217.

第六部分 马克思家庭的悲与欢


38 小燕妮恋爱


  〔1〕Vladimir Lenin,Collected Works,Volume 17,143.
  〔2〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,413-414,420-421;Home,Terrible Year,139.
  〔3〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,157,158;REM,29 .
  〔4〕Lissagaray,History of the Commune,109.
  〔5〕Longuet,Karl Marx,221.
  〔6〕REM,162.
  〔7〕Ibid.,82.
  〔8〕KMIR,106.
  〔9〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Kugelmann,Oct.6,1871,Moscow.
  〔10〕KMIR,107.
  〔11〕New York Herald,Aug.30,1871.
  〔12〕Chicago Tribune,Dec.18,1871.
  〔13〕MECW,Volume 22,600.
  〔14〕KMIR,111;MECW,Volume 44,213.
  〔15〕MECW,Volume 22,398.
  〔16〕Public Opinion,London,Aug.19,1871,229 and Aug.26,1871,262; MECW,Volume 22,393.
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 44,176-177.
  〔18〕Ibid.,206-207.
  〔19〕Ibid.,207.
  〔20〕Bakunin's group was called the Intermational Alliance of Socialist Democracy.Car,Michael Bakunin,345,352.
  〔21〕Ibid.,396,404-407.
  〔22〕Ibid.,446.
  〔23〕Berlin,Karl Marx,190.
  〔24〕REM,290;KMIR,103-105.
  〔25〕REM,170-171.
  〔26〕MECW,Volume 22,423-431.
  〔27〕Ibid.,426-427.
  〔28〕Jenny Marx (daughter)to “doctor”[Ludwig Kugelmann],Oct.3,1871,Moscow;Robert Payne,Karl Marx,429.
  〔29〕MECW,Volume 44,186.
  〔30〕MECW,Volume 22,633-634;McLellan,Karl Marx,377 .
  〔31〕MECW,Volume 44,220.
  〔32〕Ibid.,229.
  〔33〕Ibid.,216.
  〔34〕Ibid.,229.
  〔35〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to “doctor”[Ludwig Kugelmann],Oct.3,1871,Moscow.
  〔36〕MECW,Volume 44,617(n).
  〔37〕Ibid.,228-229.
  〔38〕REM,299.
  〔39〕Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,308.
  〔40〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to the Kugelmanns,Dec.21,1871,Moscow.
  〔41〕MECW,Volume 44,562.
  〔42〕MECW,Volume 23,635.
  〔43〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to the Kugelmanns,Dec.21,1871,Moscow.
  〔44〕FE-PL,Volume I,32.
  〔45〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Charles Longuet,Friday evening(Feb.1872),Moscow.
  〔46〕Charles Longuet to Jenny Marx(daughter),before Feb.15,1872,Moscow.
  〔47〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Charles Longuet,Feb.17,1872,Moscow.
  〔48〕Jenny Marx to Wilhelm Liebknecht,May 26,1872,Moscow.
  〔49〕FE-PL,Volume II,403-405;MECW,Volume 44,283;Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,114-115.
  〔50〕MECW,Volume 44,574.
  〔51〕J.Roy to Charles Longuet,Jan.19,1872,Moscow.
  〔52〕FE-PL,Volume I,46.
  〔53〕KMIR,91.
  〔54〕Longuet,Karl Marx,207.
  〔55〕Jenny Marx to Wilhelm Liebknecht,May 26,1872,Moscow.
  〔56〕MECW,Volume 44,32.
  〔57〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to the Kugelmanns,May 3,1872,Moscow.
  〔58〕MECW,Volume 44,575.
  〔59〕Eckert (ed.),Wilhelm Liebknecht Briefwechsel,413-415.
  〔60〕REM,250.
  〔61〕Kapp,Eleanor Marx,Volume I,145.
  〔62〕Ibid.,155-156.
  〔63〕Ibid.,160.
  〔64〕Jenny Marx (daughter)to the Kugelmanns,Dec.21,1871,Moscow.
  〔65〕FE-PL,Volume I,46.
  〔66〕Jenny Marx(daughter)to Kugelmann,Jan.22,1872,IISG;Derfler Founding of French Marxism,119.
  〔67〕Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,63.
  〔68〕MECW,Volume 44,581.
  〔69〕Ibid.,327.
  〔70〕Ibid.,347.
  〔71〕Marx,Marx and Engels,Lettres à Kugelmann,214-215.
  〔72〕Ibid.,216-217.
  〔73〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,142.
  〔74〕FE-PL,Volume Ⅲ,463.
  〔75〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,138.
  〔76〕FE-PL,Volume Ⅲ,428-429.
  〔77〕Derfier,Founding of French Marxism,138-141.
  〔78〕FE-PL,Volume Ⅲ,471.

39 杜西的烦恼


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 23,256.
  〔2〕MECW,Volume 44,386,387.
  〔3〕Ibid.,346-347.
  〔4〕Ibid.,387.
  〔5〕Ibid.,100,283,607(n).
  〔6〕Ibid.,385.
  〔7〕Ibid.,390.
  〔8〕Ibid.,396.
  〔9〕Offord,Nineteenth-Century Russia,68;Carr,Michael Bakunin,453.
  〔10〕Offord,Nineteenth-Century Russia,76.
  〔11〕Hobsbawm,Age of Revolution,197.
  〔12〕Ibid.,198.
  〔13〕MECW,Volume 44,399.
  〔14〕McLellan,Karl Marx,395.
  〔15〕MECW,Volume 44,400.
  〔16〕Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,308;MECW,Volume 44,438.
  〔17〕McLellan,Karl Marx,394.
  〔18〕MECW,Volume 44,385.
  〔19〕Jenny Marx to Wilhelm Liebknecht,May 26,1872,Moscow.
  〔20〕Car,Michael Bakunin,375-376;Offord,Nineteenth-Century Russia,64.
  〔21〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,347.
  〔22〕Ibid.,349;MECW,Volume 43,595(n).
  〔23〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen.350-351.
  〔24〕Fyodor Dostoevsky incorporated this crime into his novel Demons.Offord,Nineteenth-Century Russia,64.
  〔25〕MECW,Volume 44,398.
  〔26〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,294.
  〔27〕REM,163.
  〔28〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,358.
  〔29〕MECW,Volume 44,426.
  〔30〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,359.
  〔31〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,360;Padover,Karl Marx,244;REM,208.
  〔32〕MECW,Volume 44,438-439.
  〔33〕KMIR,90.
  〔34〕Ibid.,91.
  〔35〕Ibid.,113;FE-PL,Volume III,473.
  〔36〕Nicolaievsky and Maenchen-Helfen,Karl Marx,360-361.
  〔37〕Ibid 361;KMIR,159.
  〔38〕MECW,Volume 44,516.
  〔39〕REM,210.
  〔40〕Bakunin's most notable International follower,James Guillaume,was also expelled.MECW,Volume 23,249.
  〔41〕Padover,Karl Marx,245.
  〔42〕Ibid.,246;REM,212.
  〔43〕MECW,Volume 23,254-256.
  〔44〕Carr,Michael Bakunin,430.
  〔45〕Ibid.,418.
  〔46〕Offord,Nineteenth-Century Russia,65.
  〔47〕Car,Michael Bakunin,325,353-354,372.
  〔48〕Ibid.,456-457.
  〔49〕Ibid.,459,461.
  〔50〕Ibid.,408.
  〔51〕Bakunin died in 1876.Car,Michael Bakunin,461,478.
  〔52〕Jenny Marx-Charles Longuet Certificate of Mariage,Moscow.
  〔53〕Jenny Longuet to the Kugelmanns,Dec.23,1872,Moscow.
  〔54〕Jenny Longuet to Karl Marx,Oct.30,1872,Moscow.
  〔55〕Jenny Longuet to Karl Marx,undated (likely Fall 1872),Moscow.
  〔56〕MECW,Volume 44,450.
  〔57〕Jenny Longuet to the Kugelmanns,Dec.23,1872,Moscow;Jenny Marx to Johann Philip Becker,Nov.7,1872,Moscow.
  〔58〕MECW,Volume 44,455.
  〔59〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,113-114.
  〔60〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Mar.1873,Moscow.
  〔61〕Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,68.
  〔62〕MECW,Volume 44,457.
  〔63〕Ibid.,472,517;Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,153.
  〔64〕MECW,Volume 44,527.
  〔65〕Ibid.,544,676(n)and Volume 45,456;Jenny Marx to Madame Longuet Oct.1874,Moscow;McLellan,Karl Marx,389.
  〔66〕MECW,Volume 45,468.
  〔67〕Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,154.
  〔68〕Jenny Marx to Wilhelm Liebknecht,July 1873,Moscow.
  〔69〕Jenny Marx to Eleanor Marx,May 1873,Moscow;Marx,Marx,and Engels,Lettres à Kugelmann,224-225.
  〔70〕Jenny Marx to Wilhelm Liebknecht,July 1873,Moscow.
  〔71〕MECW,Volume 45,457(n),460(n)and Volume 44,607(n).
  〔72〕REM,76;Berlin,Karl Marx,213.
  〔73〕Jenny Longuet to Karl Marx,Apr.24,1874,Moscow.
  〔74〕REM,76.
  〔75〕Jenny Marx to Eleanor Marx,May 1873,Moscow;Jenny Marx to Eleanor Marx,June 1873,Moscow.
  〔76〕Jenny Marx to Eleanor Marx,May 1873,Moscow.
  〔77〕Kapp,Eleanor Marx,Volume I,146.
  〔78〕Eleanor Marx to Karl Marx,May 3,1873,Moscow.
  〔79〕Jenny Marx to Wilhelm Liebknecht,July 1873,Moscow.
  〔80〕Kapp,Eleanor Marx,Volume I,150.
  〔81〕MECW,Volume 44,496.
  〔82〕MECW,Volume 44,506.
  〔83〕Jenny Marx to Eleanor Marx,June 1873,Moscow.
  〔84〕Kapp,Eleanor Marx,Volume I,152.
  〔85〕Jenny Marx to Wilhelm Liebknecht,July 1873,Moscow.
  〔86〕Charles Longuet to Jenny Longuet,Friday morning,undated,Moscow.
  〔87〕Jenny Marx to Eleanor Marx,June 1873,Moscow.
  〔88〕Jenny Marx to Wilhelm Liebknecht,July 1873,Moscow.
  〔89〕MECW,Volume 44,516.
  〔90〕Jenny Marx to Wilhelm Liebknecht,July 1873,Moscow.
  〔91〕MECW,Volume 44,516.
  〔92〕Ibid.,538.
  〔93〕Ibid.,550.
  〔94〕MECW,Volume 45,3.
  〔95〕Walt Contreras Sheasby,"Marx at Karlsbad,"91-97.
  〔96〕Taylor,Struggle for Mastery of Europe,219;Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,201.
  〔97〕In Germany,for example,Liebknecht and Bebel were sentenced to two years in prison in 1872 for their political activism and for belonging to the IWMA. MECW,Volume 45,466(n).
  〔98〕Williamson,Bismarck and Germany,48;Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,62.
  〔99〕Offord,Nineteenth-Century Russia,77;MECW,Volume 45,461(n).
  〔100〕MECW,Volume 45,33,35.
  〔101〕MECW,Volume 24,564.
  〔102〕Paul Lafargue to Karl Marx,July 26,1874,IISG;Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,155;FE-PL,Volume I,48-49.(Between 1874 and 1878 Lafargue wrote at least twenty-eight letters to Engels asking for money.)
  〔103〕MECW,Volume 45,21-22;Briggs and Callow,Marx in London,71;A.E.Laurence and A.N.Insole,Prometheus Bound,4.
  〔104〕REM,254.
  〔105〕KMIR,130.
  〔106〕MECW,Volume 45,26,29.
  〔107〕Ibid.,28.
  〔108〕Ibid.,27.
  〔109〕Ibid.
  〔110〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Aug.1874,Moscow.
  〔111〕MECW,Volume 45,36.
  〔112〕Kapp,Eleanor Marx,Volume I,153-154.
  〔113〕Jenny Marx to Madame Longuet,Oct.1874,Moscow.
  〔114〕MECW,Volume 45,34.
  〔115〕Ibid.,35.
  〔116〕Sheasby,"Marx at Karlsbad,"91-97.
  〔117〕Egon Erwin Kisch,Karl Marxar Karlsbad,5-46.
  〔118〕MECW,Volume 45,37.
  〔119〕KMIR,93.
  〔120〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,118.
  〔121〕MECW,Volume 45,37.
  〔122〕REM,284-285;KMIR,91.
  〔123〕Eleanor Marxto Jenny Longuet,Sept.5,1874,Moscow;MECW,Volume 45,46.
  〔124〕MECW,Volume 45,52-53.
  〔125〕KMIR,121.
  〔126〕Ibid.,165.

40 家庭转机


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 45,31.
  〔2〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,mid-Aug.1874,Moscow;Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Aug.8,1874,Moscow;Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Aug.28,1874,Moscow.
  〔3〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Aug.1874,Moscow.
  〔4〕MECW,Volume 45,38.
  〔5〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Aug.10,1874,Moscow;Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,mid-Aug.1874,Moscow.
  〔6〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Aug.28,1874,Moscow.
  〔7〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,mid-Aug.1874,Moscow.
  〔8〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Sept.1,1874,Moscow.
  〔9〕Jenny Marx to Madame Longuet,Oct.1874,Moscow.
  〔10〕KMIR,130.
  〔11〕Jenny Marx to Wilhelm Liebknecht,May 26,1872,Moscow.
  〔12〕MECW,Volume 45,446.
  〔13〕Jenny Longuet to Madame Longuet,Dec.25,1874,Moscow.
  〔14〕Longuet,Karl Marx,224.
  〔15〕Jenny Longuet to Madame Longuet,Dec.25,1874,Moscow.
  〔16〕Jenny Longuet to Madame Longuet,July 27[1875],Moscow.
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 45,75;Jenny Marx to Madame Longuet,June 1875,Moscow.
  〔18〕Jenny Marx to Madame Longuet,June 1875,Moscow;MECW,Volume 45,46
  〔19〕Eckert(ed.),Wilhelm Liebknecht Briefwechsel,414.
  〔20〕Ibid.,421.
  〔21〕Ralph Miliband and John Saville(eds.),The Socialist Register,183-184.
  〔22〕Gildea,Third Republic,7-8.
  〔23〕MECW,Volume 45,60-66.
  〔24〕Ibid.,63.
  〔25〕Ibid.,69.
  〔26〕Ibid.,467(n).
  〔27〕MECW,Volume 24,89-90.
  〔28〕Ibid.,87.
  〔29〕Ibid.,94-95.
  〔30〕Ibid.,95.
  〔31〕Ibid.,99.
  〔32〕Padover,Karl Marx,219.
  〔33〕John Macdonnell,“"Karl Marxand German Socialism,"384.
  〔34〕Jenny Marx to Eleanor Marx,Sept.1875,Moscow.
  〔35〕Jenny Longuet to Eleanor Marx,Aug.1875,Moscow.
  〔36〕MECW,Volume 45,84-85.
  〔37〕Ibid.,82.
  〔38〕Kisch,Karl Marx at Karlsbad,20.
  〔39〕KMIR,124-125.
  〔40〕Blumenberg,Illustrated,152.
  〔41〕MECW,Volume 45,518.
  〔42〕REM,298-299.
  〔43〕Jenny Marx to Natalie Liebknecht,Jan.18,1876,Moscow.
  〔44〕Jenny Longuet to Madame Longuet,Dec.31,1875,Moscow.
  〔45〕MECW,Volume 45,96.
  〔46〕Ibid.,56.
  〔47〕REM,217;Jenny Longuet to Eleanor Marx,Nov.28,1873,Moscow.
  〔48〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Apr.5,1876,Moscow.
  〔49〕MECW,Volume 45,120-121.
  〔50〕Jenny Marx to Madame Longuet,June 1875,Moscow.
  〔51〕Jenny Longuet to Madame Longuet,Dec.31,1875,Moscow.
  〔52〕Jenny Marx to Natalie Liebknecht,Jan.18,1876,Moscow.
  〔53〕MECW,Volume 45,135-137.
  〔54〕MECW,Volume 45,143.
  〔55〕MECW,Volume 45,149-150,152.
  〔56〕Ibid.,444.
  〔57〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,57;MECW,Volume 45,191,446;Hudson,Munby,123.
  〔58〕MECW,Volume 45,191.
  〔59〕Ibid.,446.
  〔60〕McLellan,Karl Marx,407.
  〔61〕MECW,Volume 45,122-123.
  〔62〕MECW,Volume 25,27 and Volume 24,195.
  〔63〕Draper and Haberkern,Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution,Volume V,115.
  〔64〕MECW,Volume 25,154.
  〔65〕MECW,Volume 45,442.

41 外祖父的快乐


  〔1〕Madame de Stael,Delphine,304.
  〔2〕Jenny Longuet to Eleanor Marx,Sept.1,1874,Moscow;MECW,Volume 45,104,106.
  〔3〕MECW,Volume 45,244.
  〔4〕Ibid.,274.
  〔5〕Ibid.,245.
  〔6〕bid.,267-268.
  〔7〕KMIR,98.
  〔8〕Jenny Marx to Eleanor Marx,Nov.20,1877,Moscow.
  〔9〕MECW,Volume 45,320.
  〔10〕Ibid.,447.
  〔11〕KMIR,162.
  〔12〕Williamson,Bismarck and Germany,55;Ozment,Mighty Fortress,219.
  〔13〕Williamson,Bismarck and Germany,58.
  〔14〕MECW,Volume 45,312.
  〔15〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Sept.1878,Moscow;Jenny Marx to Eleanor Marx,Aug.1878,Moscow.
  〔16〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Sept.14,1878,Moscow.
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 45,447.
  〔18〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Sept.14,1878,Moscow.
  〔19〕MECW,Volume 45,320;Hunt,Frock-Coated Communist,271.
  〔20〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,mid-Sept.1878,Moscow.
  〔21〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Sept.19,1878,Moscow.
  〔22〕MECW,Volume 45,361-362.
  〔23〕KMIR,128.
  〔24〕MECW,Volume 45,343.
  〔25〕Ibid.,354-356.
  〔26〕Ibid.,369.
  〔27〕Ibid.,371-372.
  〔28〕Ibid.,376.
  〔29〕Ibid.,373.
  〔30〕Ibid.,388.
  〔31〕MECW,Volume 24,669(n);KMIR,140.
  〔32〕MECW,Volume 24,580-582;KMIR,140-142.
  〔33〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Oct.24,1880,Moscow;Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Nov.17,1880,Moscow.
  〔34〕Emest Belfort Bax,Reminiscencesand Reflections of a Mid and Late Victorians,70-71.
  〔35〕KMIR,158-159
  〔36〕Ibid.,151.
  〔37〕Wilson,Victorianss,444.
  〔38〕KMIR,144,150.
  〔39〕MECW,Volume 46,102-103.
  〔40〕Kapp,Eleanor Marx,Volume I,211.
  〔41〕Jenny Marx to Eleanor Marx,Aug.1878,Moscow.
  〔42〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,late Sept.1880,Moscow.
  〔43〕FE-PL,Volume I,63-64.
  〔44〕MECW,Volume 46,32;Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,154.
  〔45〕Longuet,Karl Marx,228.
  〔46〕MECW,Volume 46,95,101.
  〔47〕MECW,Volume 45,390.
  〔48〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Aug.1,1880,Moscow.
  〔49〕MECW,Volume 46,22-23 and Volume 24,584-585.
  〔50〕Derfler,Founding of French Marcism,177,183.
  〔51〕MECW,Volume 24,585.
  〔52〕Charles Longuet to Jenny Longuet,Aug.24,1880,Moscow.
  〔53〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Sept.29,1880,Moscow.
  〔54〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,114;Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Sept.29,1880,Moscow.
  〔55〕Bemstein,My Yearsof Exile,150.
  〔56〕Bax,Reminiscences,48.
  〔57〕Offord,Nineteenth-Century Russia,81-82;MECW,Volume 46,495(n).
  〔58〕KMIR,150,160;MECW,Volume 46,95-96.
  〔59〕Bemstein,My Yearsof Exile,152-153,156-157.

42 燕妮离世


  〔1〕Domemann,Jenny Marx,318-326.
  〔2〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Nov.22,1880,Moscow.
  〔3〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Nov.10,1880,Moscow.
  〔4〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,undated,Moscow;Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Nov.1880,Moscow.
  〔5〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Nov.1880,Moscow.
  〔6〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,undated,Moscow.
  〔7〕Charles Longuet to Jenny Longuet,Nov.1880,Moscow.
  〔8〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Sunday moning,Dec.1880,Moscow.
  〔9〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Nov.10,1880,Moscow.
  〔10〕MECW,Volume 46,61.
  〔11〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Jan.1881,Moscow.
  〔12〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Feb.1881,Moscow.
  〔13〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Jan.13,1881,Moscow.
  〔14〕The Longuets'house in Argenteuil was on the Boulevard Thiers,which was in later years renamed Boulevard Karl Marx.Longuet,Karl Marx,230.
  〔15〕Jenny Longuet to Laura Lafargue,Apr.1881,Moscow.
  〔16〕Jenny Longuet to Laura Lafargue,Apr.22,1881,Moscow.
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 46,81.
  〔18〕Ibid.,81-82.
  〔19〕Kautsky's Theories of Surplus Value was based on his edit of Marx's material for Capital,Volume IV.Blumenberg,Illustrated,159.
  〔20〕KMIR,154-155.
  〔21〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,Nov.10,1880,Moscow;Bemstein,My Yearsof Exile,158.
  〔22〕MECW,Volume 46,82.
  〔23〕Ibid.,83.
  〔24〕Ibid,89.
  〔25〕Ibid.,91.
  〔26〕Ibid.,96.
  〔27〕Ibid.,97.
  〔28〕Ibid.,106.
  〔29〕Ibid.,108.
  〔30〕Jenny Longuet to Jenny Marx,July 1881,Moscow.
  〔31〕MECW,Volume 46,107.
  〔32〕Ibid.,109.
  〔33〕Ibid.,110.
  〔34〕Ibid.,116;Giroud,Femme du diable,224.
  〔35〕MECW,Volume 46,124.
  〔36〕Ibid.,124,132.
  〔37〕Kapp,Eleanor Marx,Volumel,187.
  〔38〕Morton,Home Rule,23.
  〔39〕Eckert (ed.),Wilhelm Liebknecht Briefwechsel,427-429;Morton,Home Rule,25.
  〔40〕Bax,Reminiscences,73-74;Joseph Clayton,The Rise and Decline of Socialism in Great Britain,9.
  〔41〕Later,Shaw abandoned Marxism.James W.Hulse,Revolutionists in London,111.
  〔42〕Benstein,My Yearsof Exile,159-160.
  〔43〕MECW,Volume 46,104.
  〔44〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,134-135.
  〔45〕Ibid.,133.
  〔46〕MECW,Volume 46,133,134-135.
  〔47〕Ibid.,475.
  〔48〕MECW,Volume 46,161;Liebknecht,Karl Marx,43-44.
  〔49〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,138-139.
  〔50〕Ibid.,139.
  〔51〕Eleanor Marx to Jenny Longuet,Oct.31,1881,Moscow.
  〔52〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,158.
  〔53〕KMIR,1.
  〔54〕Williamson,Bismarck and Germany,58.
  〔55〕Eleanor Marx to Pytor Lavrov,Dec.3,1881,Moscow;Eleanor Marx to Jenny Longuet,Oct.31,1881,IISG;Jenny Longuet to Laura Lafargue,Dec.2,1881,Moscow.
  〔56〕MECW,Volume 46,163;Bax,Reminiscences,45.
  〔57〕Wheen,Marx's Das Kapital,89.
  〔58〕MECW,Volume 46,157,165.
  〔59〕Ibid.,156.
  〔60〕MECW,Volume 24,423-424;REM,90.
  〔61〕MECW,Volume 46,164.
  〔62〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,159.

43 两个女婿


  〔1〕William Shakespeare,King Lear,30.
  〔2〕KMIR,159.
  〔3〕Bemstein,My Yearsof Exile,155.
  〔4〕MECW,Volume 46,156.
  〔5〕Ibid.,157-158.
  〔6〕Ibid.,161.
  〔7〕Ibid.,158.
  〔8〕Ibid.,161.
  〔9〕Ibid.,184.
  〔10〕Flanders,VictoriansHouse,182.
  〔11〕Eleanor Marxto Jenny Longuet,Jan.16,1881,Moscow.
  〔12〕Jenny Longuet to Karl Marx,Dec.3,1881,Moscow.
  〔13〕MECW,Volume 46,169.
  〔14〕Eleanor Marxto Jenny Longuet,Jan.8,1882,Moscow.
  〔15〕Jenny Longuet to Laura Lafargue,Dec.1881,Moscow.
  〔16〕Jenny Longuet to Laura Lafargue,Dec.2,1881,Moscow.
  〔17〕Jenny Longuet to Laura Lafargue,Dec.1881,Moscow.
  〔18〕MECW,Volume 46,176-177.
  〔19〕Eleanor Marx to Jenny Longuet,Jan.15,1882,Moscow.
  〔20〕Jenny Longuet to Eleanor Marx,Jan.23,1882,Moscow.
  〔21〕Jenny Longuet to Eleanor Marx,Thursday,Apr.1882,Moscow.
  〔22〕MECW,Volume 46,184.
  〔23〕Ibid.,199.
  〔24〕Ibid.,213-215.
  〔25〕Ibid.,218.
  〔26〕Ibid.,227.
  〔27〕Ibid.,249.
  〔28〕Ibid.,253-254.
  〔29〕Ibid.,269.
  〔30〕Ibid.,262.
  〔31〕Ibid.,271-272.
  〔32〕Jenny Longuet to Karl Marx,Feb.24,1882,Moscow.
  〔33〕Jenny Longuet to Eleanor Marx,Mar.23,1882,Moscow.
  〔34〕Jenny Longuet to Eleanor Marx,Jan.23,1882,Moscow;Jenny Longuet to Eleanor Marx,June 10,1882,Moscow;Jenny Longuet to Eleanor Marx,May 3,1882,Moscow.
  〔35〕Jenny Longuet to Eleanor Marx,May 3,1882,Moscow.
  〔36〕Jenny Longuet to Eleanor Marx,May 17,1882,Moscow.
  〔37〕Jenny Longuet to Charles Longuet,undated,Moscow.
  〔38〕Jenny Longuet to Laura Lafargue,Mar.1882,Moscow.
  〔39〕Jenny Longuet to Eleanor Marx,June 10,1882,Moscow.
  〔40〕Jenny Longuet to Eleanor Marx,May 1882,Moscow.
  〔41〕MECW,Volume 46,276;Longuet,Karl Marx,234.
  〔42〕FE-PL,Volume I,82-83.
  〔43〕MECW,Volume 46,303.
  〔44〕Jenny Longuet to Laura Lafargue,July 1881,Moscow.
  〔45〕REM,258.
  〔46〕MECW,Volume 46,303.
  〔47〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,154-155.
  〔48〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,66-67.
  〔49〕MECW,Volume 46,303.
  〔50〕Ibid.,308.
  〔51〕Ibid.,356.
  〔52〕FE-PL,Volume I,88-89.
  〔53〕MECW,Volume 46,291.
  〔54〕FE-PL,Volume I,101;Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,4.
  〔55〕FE-PL,Volume ⅢI,479-480.
  〔56〕Jenny Longuet to Eleanor Marx,Sept.5,1882,Moscow.
  〔57〕Jenny Longuet to EleanorMarx,Sept.23,1882,Moscow.
  〔58〕FE-PL,Volume I,100-101.
  〔59〕MECW,Volume 46,221;Derfler,Founding of French Marxism,167.
  〔60〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,5.
  〔61〕MECW,Volume 46,375.
  〔62〕Ibid.,394.
  〔63〕Ibid.,529(n).
  〔64〕Ibid.,399.
  〔65〕FE-PL,Volume I,119.
  〔66〕Jenny Longuet to Eleanor Marx,Nov.8,1882,Moscow.
  〔67〕FE-PL,Volume I,119.
  〔68〕Ibid.,117.
  〔69〕Jenny Longuet to Eleanor Marx,Sept.5,1882,Moscow.
  〔70〕Jenny Longuet to Eleanor Marx,Nov.8,1882,Moscow;Jenny Longuet
  to Eleanor Marx,Dec.30,1882,Moscow.
  〔71〕MECW,Volume 46,419,420.
  〔72〕Ibid.,425.
  〔73〕FE-PL,Volume III,479-480.
  〔74〕MECW,Volume 46,420-421.
  〔75〕Ibid.,421,424.

44 伟人陨落


  〔1〕Honoré de Balzac,Lost Illusions,60.
  〔2〕Liebknecht,Karl Marx,160.
  〔3〕MECW,Volume 24,460-461.
  〔4〕MECW,Volume 46,434.
  〔5〕Ibid.,440-441.
  〔6〕MECW,Volume 46,456;REM,346.
  〔7〕Friedrich EngelsThe Fourteenth of March 1883,21;FE-PL,Volume I,121.
  〔8〕MECW,Volume 24,476.
  〔9〕MECW,Volume 46,462-463.
  〔10〕Wheen,Karl Marx,382;Robert Payne,Karl Marx,500.
  〔11〕REM,256-257.
  〔12〕MECW,Volume 24,463.
  〔13〕REM,348.
  〔14〕MECW,Volume 24,464.
  〔15〕Engels,The Fourteenth of March 1883,11-13;REM,348.
  〔16〕MECW,Volume 24,469;REM,350.
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 24,469.
  〔18〕The Coming Nation,March 18,1911,Greensburg,Indiana,8;Raddatz,Karl Marx,272.
  〔19〕Berlin,Karl Marx,206.

第七部分 共同的革命事业


45 杜西的幸与不幸


  〔1〕MECW,Volume 46,462.
  〔2〕Ibid.,465.
  〔3〕MECW,Volume 47,3.
  〔4〕MECW,Volume 36,5.
  〔5〕MECW,Volume 47,13.
  〔6〕MECW,Volume 46,466;533(n).
  〔7〕MECW,Volume 47,12.
  〔8〕FE-PL,Volume l,124-125.
  〔9〕MECW,Volume 47,3,26,561(n).
  〔10〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,71.
  〔11〕Eleanor Marxto Laura Lafargue,Mar.26,1883,ISG.
  〔12〕Warren Sylvester Smith,The London Heretics,74;Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,83.
  〔13〕Ellis quoted Shaw on Aveling.Ellis,"Havelock Ellis on Eleanor Marx," Adelphi,London,Sept./Oct.1935.
  〔14〕KMIR,120.
  〔15〕Warren Sylvester Smith,London Heretics,74.
  〔16〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,91-92.
  〔17〕Ibid.,91-92;Robert Payne,Karl Marx,513.
  〔18〕Ellis,"Havelock Ellis on Eleanor Marx,"Adelphi,London,Sept./Oct. 1935;Warren Sylvester Smith,London Heretics,74.
  〔19〕Kapp,Eleanor MarxVolume Il,204.
  〔20〕Less than a month after Marx's death,Engels wrote Zurich newspaper editor Eduard Bemstein on Aveling's behalf.MECW,Volume 47,7.
  〔21〕Ibid.,26.
  〔22〕Aveling edited the newspapers Progress and Freethinker.Warren Sylvester Smith,London Heretics,63-65;Besant,Autobiography,288.
  〔23〕Beatrice Webb,My Apprenticeship,301-302.
  〔24〕MECW,Volume 47,28-29.
  〔25〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,6-7.
  〔26〕MECW,Volume 46,375.
  〔27〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,8.
  〔28〕Ibid.,11.
  〔29〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,12;FE-PL,Volume I,132.
  〔30〕FE-PL,Volume I,138-139.
  〔31〕Ibid.,140.
  〔32〕Ibid.,139.
  〔33〕Ibid.,141-142.
  〔34〕MECW,Volume 47,39-40.
  〔35〕Ellis,"Havelock Ellis on Eleanor Marx,"Adelphi,London,Sept./Oct.
  1935.
  〔36〕Bax,Reminiscences,75.
  〔37〕O'Neill,Good Old Days,226;MECW,Volume 47,583(n).
  〔38〕Wnight,Democracy and Reform,98.
  〔39〕Hulse,Revolutionists in London,79.
  〔40〕J.Bruce Glasier,William Morris and the Early Days of the Socialist Movement,32.
  〔41〕Hulse,Revolutionists in London,226.
  〔42〕May Morris,William Morris:Artist,Writer,Socialist,Volume ll,xii.
  〔43〕MECW,Volume 47,78.
  〔44〕Ibid.,60-61.
  〔45〕Gildea,Third Republic,25.
  〔46〕FE-PL,Volume I,162-163.
  〔47〕Gildea,Third Republic,34.
  〔48〕Ibid.,35;FE-PL,Volume I,148-150.
  〔49〕FE-PL,Volume I,151.
  〔50〕Ibid.
  〔51〕Ibid.,155.
  〔52〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,175-176.
  〔53〕FE-PL,Volume I,194-196.
  〔54〕MECW,Volume 47,118,122,551(n).
  〔55〕FE-PL,Volume I,217-219.
  〔56〕Eleanor Marx to Laura Lafargue,June 18,1884,Moscow.
  〔57〕Benstein,My Yearsof Exile,161.
  〔58〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Mrs.Bland,July 15,1884,Moscow.
  〔59〕FE-PL,Volume I,217-219.
  〔60〕MECW,Volume 47,177.
  〔61〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,99.
  〔62〕MECW,Volume 47,167;Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,107.
  〔63〕Michael Rive (ed.),Olive Schreiner Letters,Volume I,48.
  〔64〕Ibid.,49.
  〔65〕Ellis,"Havelock Ellis on Eleanor Marx"Adelphi,London,Sept./Oct.
  1935.
  〔66〕Ibid.
  〔67〕Yaffa Claire Draznin(ed.),My Other Self,140;Ellis,"Havelock Ellis on Eleanor Marx,"Adelphi,London,Sept./Oct.1935 .
  〔68〕Draznin,My Other Self,141.
  〔69〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,99.
  〔70〕Cole and Postgate,British Common People,415-416,421;Clayton,Rise and Decline of Socialism,20-21;Bax,Reminiscences,80.
  〔71〕Clayton,Rise and Decline of Socialism,42.
  〔72〕就成立社会主义同盟给社会民主联盟成员的告知书在1885年1月10日由爱德华·艾威林、爱琳娜·马克思·艾威林、罗伯特·班纳、E.B.巴克斯、威廉·莫里斯、和约翰·曼恩等签署。
  〔73〕MECW,Volume 47,248.

46 艾威林的传言


  〔1〕Eleanor MarxAveling to George Bernard Shaw,June 2,1885,Catalog of George Bernard Shaw Papers,British Library,London.
  〔2〕MECW,Volume 47,244.
  〔3〕Ibid.,316.
  〔4〕Ibid.,244.
  〔5〕Ibid.,290.
  〔6〕Ibid.,244.
  〔7〕Ibid.,245,249,394.
  〔8〕Ibid.,394.
  〔9〕FE-PL,Volume I,270-271.
  〔10〕MECW,Volume 36,283.
  〔11〕Ibid.,235-236.
  〔12〕Ibid.,238-239.
  〔13〕MECW,Volume 47,289,296.
  〔14〕Offord,Nineteenth-Century Russia,80,88;Hulse,Revolutionists in London,32-33.
  〔15〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,121.
  〔16〕MECW,Volume 47,405;Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,122.
  〔17〕The National Reformer,London,May 4,1884,310.
  〔18〕Bax,Reminiscences,109.
  〔19〕MECW,Volume 47,274.
  〔20〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Laura Lafargue,Apr.12,1885,Moscow.
  〔21〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to George Bernard Shaw,June 2,1885,London,British Library,GBS Papers.
  〔22〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,127.
  〔23〕Ellis,"Havelock Ellis on Eleanor Marx,"Adelphi,London,Sept./Oct. 1935.
  〔24〕Ibid.
  〔25〕Ibid.
  〔26〕Miliband and Saville(eds.),The Socialist Register,183-184,187.
  〔27〕Vera Buchanan-Gould,Not Without Honor:The Life and Writings of Olive Schreiner,221.
  〔28〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,123-124.
  〔29〕Edward Aveling and Eleanor Marx Aveling,The Woman Question,6,8,13,16.
  〔30〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to George Bemard Shaw,June 2,1885,London,British Library,GBS Papers;Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,165.
  〔31〕Gustave Flaubert,Madame Bovary,trans.Eleanor Marx-Aveling,xx.
  〔32〕Williamson,Bismarck and Germany,58-61.
  〔33〕Ibid.,46.
  〔34〕Clayton,Rise and Decline of Socialism,26;MECW,Volume 47,366.
  〔35〕O'Neill,Good Old Days,156;Wilson,Victorianss,508.
  〔36〕Clayton,Rise and Decline of Socialism,27.
  〔37〕MECW,Volume 47,404,408.
  〔38〕Clayton,Rise and Decline of Socialism,27.
  〔39〕MECW,Volume 47,413.
  〔40〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,48.
  〔41〕MECW,Volume 47,413.
  〔42〕Ibid.,428.
  〔43〕Gildea,Third Republic,35
  〔44〕MECW,Volume 47,441,452,470.
  〔45〕Ibid.,436.
  〔46〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,193-194.
  〔47〕Ibid.,194.
  〔48〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,135.
  〔49〕Chicago Tribune,Nov.6,1886,9.
  〔50〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,194.
  〔51〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,136.
  〔52〕Edward Aveling and Eleanor MarxAveling,The Working Class Movement in America,8.
  〔53〕Chicago Tribune,Nov.6,1886,1 .
  〔54〕Kapp,Eleanor Marx,Volumell,158.
  〔55〕Ibid.,153.
  〔56〕MECW,Volume 47,525.
  〔57〕Ibid.,530-532,628(n);Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,140.
  〔58〕MECW,Volume 47,494 and Volume 48,3.
  〔59〕New York Herald,Jan.8,1887,5.
  〔60〕Evening Standard,London,Jan.13,1887,4.
  〔61〕New York Herald,Jan.14,1887,5.
  〔62〕Evening Standard,London,Jan.13,1887,4.
  〔63〕Warren Sylvester Smith,London Heretics,79.
  〔64〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,117.
  〔65〕MECW,Volume 26,617;New York Herald,Jan.14,1887,5.
  〔66〕MECW,Volume 48,16-17.
  〔67〕Bax,Reminiscences,52,55.
  〔68〕George Bermard Shaw,The Doctor's Dilemma.
  〔69〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,165.

47 同床异梦


  〔1〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,168.
  〔2〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,69.
  〔3〕在1875年之后的20年里,世界超过四分之一的土地被少数几个欧洲强国所控制。来源:Davies,Europe,A History,848.
  〔4〕Hobsbawm,Age of Capital,354-355.
  〔5〕Derfier,Flowering of French Socialism,70.
  〔6〕MECW,Volume 47,413.
  〔7〕Ibid.,5.
  〔8〕Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,90.
  〔9〕FE-PL,Volume II,40.
  〔10〕MECW,Volume 48,542(n).
  〔11〕FE-PL,Volume l,34-36.
  〔12〕Ibid.,28.
  〔13〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,79,115;Morris,William Morris,226.
  〔14〕MECW,Volume 48,73-74,83,105.
  〔15〕Bernstein,My Yearsof Exile,202.
  〔16〕MECW,Volume 48,91.
  〔17〕Ellis,"Havelock Ellis on Eleanor Marx,"Adelphi,London,Sept./Oct.1935.
  〔18〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,168.
  〔19〕To-Day,London,June 1887,No.43.
  〔20〕Ellis,"Havelock Ellis on Eleanor Marx,"Adelphi,London,Sept./Oct. 1935
  〔21〕Meier,Perot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,197-198.
  〔22〕Wilson,Victorianss,508.
  〔23〕MECW,Volume 48,57.
  〔24〕Wilson,Victorianss,508.
  〔25〕MECW,Volume 48,79,536-537(n).
  〔26〕Wilson,Victorianss,509.
  〔27〕Pall Mall Gazette,London,Nov.14,1887,1.
  〔28〕MECW,Volume 48,113.
  〔29〕Pall Mall Gazette,London,Nov.14,1887,5.
  〔30〕Morris,William Morris,263.
  〔31〕Ibid.,252.
  〔32〕MECW,Volume 48,113.
  〔33〕Wilson,Victorianss,510;Warren Sylvester Smith,London Heretics,22.
  〔34〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,155.
  〔35〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughrers,202.
  〔36〕MECW,Volume 48,119.
  〔37〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,169-170.
  〔38〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Laura Lafargue,Dec.31,1887,ISG.
  〔39〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,173.
  〔40〕MECW,Volume 48,198.
  〔41〕Ibid.,183.
  〔42〕Mayer,Friedrich Engels,294.
  〔43〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to George Bemard Shaw,Dec.16,1887,GBS Papers.
  〔44〕MECW,Volume 48,184,192.
  〔45〕Ibid.,194.
  〔46〕Mayer,Friedrich Engels,253.
  〔47〕MECW,Volume 48,195,202,203.
  〔48〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,204-205.
  〔49〕Ibid.,207.
  〔50〕MECW,Volume 48,208.
  〔51〕Ibid.,207.
  〔52〕Ibid.,211.
  〔53〕Olsen,Growth of Victorians London,122;Wilson,Victorianss,521.
  〔54〕Will Thome,My Life 's Battles,13.
  〔55〕Flanders,VictoriansHouse,370.
  〔56〕Winder,Bloody Foreigners,215.
  〔57〕O'Neill,Good Old Days,46;Anne Cowen and Roger Cowen,Victorians
  Jews Through British Eyes,xiv-xV.
  〔58〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Laura Lafargue,June 24,1888,IISG.
  〔59〕Paul Adelman,The Rise of the Labour Party,12.
  〔60〕Kapp,Eleanor Marx,Volume II,260.
  〔61〕Ibid.,510.
  〔62〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Laura Lafargue,Dec.31,1888,IISG.

48 工人运动风起云涌


  〔1〕William Stewart,J.Keir Hardie:A Biography,38.
  〔2〕Adelman,Rise of the Labour Party,10.
  〔3〕Clayton,Rise and Decline of Socialism,56.
  〔4〕Thome,My Life's Battles,67.
  〔5〕Clayton,Rise and Decline of Socialism,62.
  〔6〕MECW,Volume 48,601(n);Adelman,Rise of the Labour Party,12-13.
  〔7〕Thorme and Mann would become MPs;Bums would become an MP and a minister in a Liberal govenment.Cole and Postgate,British Common People,427.
  〔8〕William Collison,The Apostle ofFree Labour,81.
  〔9〕Clayton,Rise and Decline of Socialism,55.
  〔10〕Cole and Postgate,British Common People,427-428.
  〔11〕Ibid.,427.
  〔12〕Thome,My Life'sBattles,13.
  〔13〕Ibid.,80-81.
  〔14〕Ibid.,81.
  〔15〕MECW,Volume 48,591(n);Cole and Postgate,British Common People,428;Thome,My Life's Battles,80.
  〔16〕Thorne,My Life's Battles,86.
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 48,373,379.
  〔18〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,197.
  〔19〕Clayton,Rise and Decline of Socialism,59.
  〔20〕Cole and Postgate,British Common People,429.
  〔21〕MECW,Volume 48,373.
  〔22〕Cole and Postgate,British Common People,430.
  〔23〕Clayton,Rise and Decline of Socialism,64.
  〔24〕MECW,Volume 26,545.
  〔25〕MECW,Volume 48,377,487 and Volume 49,479-480.
  〔26〕MECW,Volume 48,312-313.
  〔27〕Ibid.,313.
  〔28〕Ibid.,286.
  〔29〕Ibid.,286,287.
  〔30〕Ibid.,316;Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,210.
  〔31〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,75.
  〔32〕FE-PL,Volume II,285;Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,75.
  〔33〕MECW,Volume 48,348.
  〔34〕Ibid.,352;Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,74-75.
  〔35〕MECW,Volume 48,353.
  〔36〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,76.
  〔37〕MECW,Volume 48,352.
  〔38〕Ibid.,589(n);Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,77.
  〔39〕MECW,Volume 48,392.
  〔40〕REM,187.
  〔41〕MECW,Volume 48,257-258.
  〔42〕FE-PL,Volume Ⅱ,363.
  〔43〕MECW,Volume 48,605(n),607(n).
  〔44〕Ozment,Mighty Fortress,222;Williamson,Bismarck and Germany,62.
  〔45〕Williamson,Bismarck and Germany,62-63;Ozment,Mighty Fortress,222.
  〔46〕Ozment,Mighty Fortress,222-223.
  〔47〕Williamson,Bismarck and Germany,64.
  〔48〕MECW,Volume 48,481.
  〔49〕FE-PL,Volume Ⅱ,374.
  〔50〕MECW,Volume 48,493.
  〔51〕People's Press,London,May 10,1890,5.
  〔52〕MECW,Volume 48,493-494.
  〔53〕Ibid.,409.
  〔54〕People's Press,London,May 10,1890,7.
  〔55〕MECW,Volume 48,494495,496.
  〔56〕MECW,Volume 49,14.
  〔57〕MECW,Volume 48,470.
  〔58〕MECW,Volume 49,67.
  〔59〕MECW,Volume 48,200.
  〔60〕Ibid.,84.
  〔61〕Bemstein,My Yearsof Exile,169.
  〔62〕Ibid.,192,196.
  〔63〕Ibid.,197.
  〔64〕MECW,Volume 49,53.
  〔65〕Ibid.,65-66.
  〔66〕MECW,Volume 49,67;Fomičev,”Helene Demuth Without Brethren,” Motherland,972.
  〔67〕MECW,Volume 49,67.
  〔68〕Ibid.,67.

49 第二代革命者


  〔1〕MECW,Volume .49,215.
  〔2〕Mayer,Friedrich .Engels,196.
  〔3〕REM,191.
  〔4〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,247.
  〔5〕MECW,Volume 49,88.
  〔6〕MECW,Volume .47,265.
  〔7〕MECW,Volume 48,224-225,235.
  〔8〕MECW,Volume 49,68-69.
  〔9〕Ibid.,72.
  〔10〕Ibid.,71.
  〔11〕Ibid.,87.
  〔12〕Ibid.,73.
  〔13〕Ibid.,82.
  〔14〕Ibid.,76.
  〔15〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Friedrich Engels,Oct.14,1890,Moscow.
  〔16〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Edward Aveling,Oct.16,1890,Moscow.
  〔17〕Justice,London,Feb.21,1891,1;MECW,Volume 49,127.
  〔18〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,85,87-88.
  〔19〕FE-PL,Volume II,88.
  〔20〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,88.
  〔21〕Ibid.,89.
  〔22〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,89-90;Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,110-111.
  〔23〕Derfler,Flowering ofFrench Socialism,90.
  〔24〕Ibid.,91.
  〔25〕FE-PL,Volume III,79(n).
  〔26〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,91-92.
  〔27〕Ibid.,93-94.
  〔28〕Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,113;Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,94.
  〔29〕FE-PL,Volume III,88.
  〔30〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,95.
  〔31〕FE-PL,Volume III,106,110-111.
  〔32〕Ibid.,112-113.
  〔33〕MECW,Volume 49,269;Derfier,Flowering of French Socialism,98.
  〔34〕Ibid.,288,290.
  〔35〕FE-PL,Volume II,127.
  〔36〕MECW,Volume 49,293;FE-PL,Volume Ⅲ,131(n).
  〔37〕FE-PL,Volume I,133.
  〔38〕Ibid.,134-135.
  〔39〕MECW,Volume 49,305.
  〔40〕FE-PL,Volume Ⅲ,137.
  〔41〕Ibid.,138,144;MECW,Volume 49,306-307.
  〔42〕FE-PL,Volume II,146(n).
  〔43〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,104-106.
  〔44〕FE-PL,Volume III,145-146,148.
  〔45〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,105.
  〔46〕FE-PL,Volume I,150-151.
  〔47〕Ibid.,112-113.
  〔48〕Ibid.,114.

50 恩格斯的遗嘱


  〔1〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,110.
  〔2〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Laura Lafargue,Dec.19,1895,Moscow.
  〔3〕MECW,Volume 49,225,584(n).
  〔4〕Clayton,Rise and Decline of Socialism,37;MECW,Volume 49,237,238; Ferdinand Gilles,"Is He the Son-in-Law of Karl Marx?,"London,Nov.10,1891.
  〔5〕MECW,Volume 49,238.
  〔6〕Ibid.,584(n).
  〔7〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,108.
  〔8〕MECW,Volume 49,621-622(n);Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism110.
  〔9〕MECW,Volume 49,409.
  〔10〕Cole and Postgate,British Common People,434;MECW,Volume 49,468; Clayton,Rise and Decline of Socialism,61;Stewart,J.Keir Hardie,6-7,68.
  〔11〕Adelman,Rise of the Labour Party,17.
  〔12〕Ibid.,22.
  〔13〕Cole and Postgate,British Common People,435;Clayton,Rise and Decline of Socialism,75.
  〔14〕Clayton,Rise and Decline of Socialism,72.
  〔15〕MECW,Volume 49,479.
  〔16〕MECW,Volume 50,154,569(n).
  〔17〕Adelman,Rise of the Labour Party,19-20;MECW,Volume 50,574(n).
  〔18〕MECW,Volume 27,404405;Stepanova,Frederick Engels,229.
  〔19〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,143;FE-PL,Volume III,290;Gildea,Third Republic,37.
  〔20〕MECW,Volume 50,10,113.
  〔21〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,140.
  〔22〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,233,237.
  〔23〕Ibid.,239.
  〔24〕MECW,Volume 49,357-358,359 and Volume 46,xvii.
  〔25〕MECW,Volume 49,357-358.
  〔26〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,246.
  〔27〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Laura Lafargue,Mar.22,1894,Moscow.
  〔28〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,247,248,250;Eleanor Marx Aveling to Laura Lafargue,Mar.22,1894,Moscow.
  〔29〕Kapp,Eleanor Marx,Volume Il,560.
  〔30〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch (eds.),Daughters,248.
  〔31〕MECW,Volume 50,299.
  〔32〕Ibid.,308.
  〔33〕Ibid.,300.
  〔34〕MECW,Volume 37,436.
  〔35〕Ibid.,541-542.
  〔36〕Ibid.,590.
  〔37〕MECW,Volume 50,386-387.
  〔38〕Eleanor Marxto Laura Lafargue,Nov.5,1894,Moscow.
  〔39〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,252-253.
  〔40〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Laura Lafargue,Nov.5,1894,Moscow.
  〔41〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,258,260.
  〔42〕MECW,Volume 50,537.
  〔43〕Ibid.,395,424-425.
  〔44〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,263;MECW,Volume 50,425.
  〔45〕MECW,Volume 50,364.

51 “将军”逝世


  〔1〕REM,65.
  〔2〕Halliday,Great Filth,195;MECW,Volume 50,441.
  〔3〕Offord,Nineteenth-Century Russia,94.
  〔4〕Ibid.,97.
  〔5〕MECW,Volume 50,455.
  〔6〕MECW,Volume 49,538.
  〔7〕Offord,Nineteenth-Century Russia,99.
  〔8〕Longuet,Karl Marx,239.
  〔9〕MECW,Volume 50,507.
  〔10〕Ibid.,395.
  〔11〕Ibid.,526.
  〔12〕Cole and Postgate,British Common People,436-437;Adelman,Rise of the Labour Party,23.
  〔13〕MECW,Volume 50,526.
  〔14〕Ibid.,535.
  〔15〕Liebknecht said that though Engels had throat cancer,he died of a stroke. REM,148.
  〔16〕MECW,Volume 50,612(n);Carver,Friedrich Engels,253.(Ludwig Freyberger asked Tussy shortly after Engels's death to remove Marx's chair and bookcases.Ludwig Freyberger to Eleanor Marx,Oct.4,1895,IISG.)
  〔17〕MECW,Volume 50,537-538,541-542.
  〔18〕Carver,Friedrich Engels,253.
  〔19〕Kapp,Eleanor Marx,Volume Il,611.
  〔20〕Fomicev,"Helene Demuth Without Brethren,"972.
  〔21〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Karl Kautsky,Sept.29,1895,Moscow;Bemstein,My Years of Exile,187,191-192;Mayer,Friedrich Engels,327;REM,180.(Cremations began to be carried out in England only in 1885,and were still rare in the 1890s. Wilson,Victorianss,544.)
  〔22〕REM,59.
  〔23〕Justice,London,July 30,1898,2.
  〔24〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,285.
  〔25〕Kapp,Eleanor MarxVolume 1,258.
  〔26〕Eleanor MarxAveling Last Will and Testament,Oct.16,1895,London IISG;Codicil,Nov.28,1896,IISG.
  〔27〕Fomičev,"Helene Demuth Without Brethren,"972.
  〔28〕Frédérique Longuet-Marx,author interview;Kapp,Eleanor Marx,Volume Il,505(n).
  〔29〕FE-PL,Volume III,26-27;MECW,Volume 49,203.
  〔30〕Eckert(ed.),Wilhelm Liebknecht Briefwechsel,453
  〔31〕Jean Longuet to Friedrich Engels,Dec.31,1893,IISG.
  〔32〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Jean Longuet,July 14,1895,Moscow.
  〔33〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Karl Kautsky,Feb.28,1896,Moscow.
  〔34〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Karl Kautsky,Sept.28,1897,Moscow.
  〔35〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,278-279.
  〔36〕Thorne,My Life's Battles,148.
  〔37〕Kapp,Eleanor Marx,Volume ll,632.
  〔38〕Ibid.,630.
  〔39〕Eleanor MarxAveling to Laura Lafargue,Dec.24,1896,Moscow.
  〔40〕Kapp,Eleanor Marx,Volume Il,631.
  〔41〕Eleanor MarxAveling to Karl Kautsky,July 19,1897,Moscow.

52 杜西走上绝路


  〔1〕Justice,London,July 30,1898,2.
  〔2〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,296.
  〔3〕Ibid.,299.
  〔4〕Eckert(ed.),Wilhelm Liebknecht Briefwechsel,455;Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,300.
  〔5〕Justice,London,July 30,1898,2.
  〔6〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Freddy Demuth,Aug.30,1897,Justice,London,July 30,1898,2.
  〔7〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,305.
  〔8〕Ibid.,306.
  〔9〕Collison,Apostle of Free Labour,81-83.
  〔10〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,306.
  〔11〕Collison,Apostle of Free Labour,84;Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,303.
  〔12〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,307.
  〔13〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,299;Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,310.
  〔14〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,308-309.
  〔15〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Natalie Liebknecht,Feb.1,1898,Moscow.
  〔16〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,297.
  〔17〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Edith(no sumame),[month illegible]29,1898,Moscow.
  〔18〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Freddy Demuth,Feb.3,1898,Justice,London,July 30,1898,2.
  〔19〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Freddy Demuth,Feb.5,1898,Justice,London,July 30,1898,2.
  〔20〕Eleanor MarxAveling to Freddy Demuth,Feb.7,1898,Justice,London July 30,1898,2.
  〔21〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Jean Longuet,Feb.9,1898,Moscow.
  〔22〕Eckert(ed.),Wilhelm Liebknecht Briefwechsel,463.
  〔23〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Karl Kautsky,Mar.15,1898,Moscow.
  〔24〕Eleanor Marx Aveling to Freddy Demuth,Mar.1,1898,Justice,London,July 30,1898,3.
  〔25〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,316.
  〔26〕Justice,London,July 30,1898,3.
  〔27〕Sydenham Examiner,London,Apr.8,1898,5.
  〔28〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,318-319.
  〔29〕Kapp,Eleanor Marx,Volume I,697.
  〔30〕Sydenham Examiner,London,Apr.8,1898,5.
  〔31〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,319;Justice,London,July 30,1898,3.
  〔32〕Justice,London,July 30,1898,3.
  〔33〕Ibid.;Bemstein,My Yearsof Exile,163;Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,319.
  〔34〕Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,311.
  〔35〕Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,149;Justice,London,Apr.9,1898,2.
  〔36〕Justice,London,Apr.9,1898,2.
  〔37〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,321.
  〔38〕Justice,London,Apr.9,1898,2;Benstein,My Yearsof Exile,210.
  〔39〕Sydenham Examiner,London,Apr.8,1898,5.
  〔40〕Fomičev ,"Helene Demuth Without Brethren,"971.
  〔41〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,323;Justice,London,July 30,1898,2.
  〔42〕Justice,London,July 30,1898,2.
  〔43〕Probate of Eleanor MarxAveling's Last Will and Testament,Apr.16,1898,London,IISG;Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,324.
  〔44〕Justice,London,July 30,1898,2;Meier,Perrot,and Trebitsch(eds.),Daughters,311,312.
  〔45〕Justice,London,July 30,1898,2.
  〔46〕Tsuzuki,Eleanor Marx,325.

53 拉法格夫妇自杀


  〔1〕Whitridge,Men in Crisis,331.
  〔2〕Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,172;Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,277.
  〔3〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,222.
  〔4〕Ibid.,225.
  〔5〕Ibid.,278.
  〔6〕Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,172-173.
  〔7〕Ibid.,194.
  〔8〕MECW,Volume 50,567(n).
  〔9〕Ibid.,216.
  〔10〕FE-PL,Volume Ⅲ,304-305.
  〔11〕MECW,Volume 47,333.
  〔12〕FE-PL,Volume II,304-305.
  〔13〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,158.
  〔14〕Ibid.,270-271.
  〔15〕Ibid.,158.
  〔16〕Longuet,Karl Marx,243.
  〔17〕L'Action Régionaliste,Paris,undated,235-239.
  〔18〕Frédénique Longuet-Marx,author interview.
  〔19〕Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,160.
  〔20〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,288;Mace,Paul et Laura Lafargue,8,179.
  〔21〕Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,7-9.
  〔22〕Ibid.,9-10.
  〔23〕Ibid.,11-12.
  〔24〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,290;Plutarch's Lives,Volume Il,316.
  〔25〕Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,9.
  〔26〕Ibid.,178.
  〔27〕Derfler,Flowering of French Socialism,295.
  〔28〕Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,183.
  〔29〕Ibid.,185;Louis Aragon,The Bells of Basel,247.
  〔30〕Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,184.
  〔31〕Derfler,Flowering ofFrench Socialism,300;Aragon,Bells of Basel,248.
  〔32〕Macé,Paul et Laura Lafargue,188.
  〔33〕Lenin,Collected Works,Volume 17,304-305.

  [①] 马克思传记作家通常描述说马克思一家住在三楼,大伦敦理事会也把蓝色的历史建筑标签贴在三楼,说明这里曾是马克思的居所。但一家人实际上住在顶楼。对于他们何时搬来第恩街28号,也存在争议。有些传记作家认为时间是1850年12月2日,但马克思在这一天写给恩格斯的信中留下的地址仍是第恩街64号。此外,1851年1月6日,马克思告诉恩格斯说自己需要付房租给女房东,因为她也“非常穷”。第恩街64号的房东是一个女人,第恩街28号的房东却是一个男人。马克思在1851年1月27日写给恩格斯的信中首次提到新住处。
  [②] 施蒂贝尔后来成了普鲁士政治警察头目。这不是马克思第一次遇到化名施密特的警察密探:1848年,马克思就曾在自己的报纸上报道施蒂贝尔装扮成一个名叫施密特的艺术家,在西里西亚从事间谍活动。马克思和恩格斯认为,“施密特”就是普鲁士间谍通常采用的化名。
  [③] 指恩格斯。
  [④] 马克思传记作家一直在思索爱琳娜·马克思的这个昵称的由来。我在小燕妮写给丈夫龙格的信中找到了答案。
  [⑤] 在写给奥利芙·施赖纳的信中,杜西说记得父亲说过,“小燕妮最像我,但杜西就是我”。
  [⑥] 戴维斯认为马克思的唯物史观来自费尔巴哈,阶级斗争来自圣西蒙,无产阶级专政来自巴贝夫,劳工理论来自亚当·斯密,剩余价值来自布雷和汤普森,辩证法来自黑格尔。
  [⑦] 相比,查尔斯·狄更斯仅1868年一年收入便有33000英镑。
  [⑧] 在19世纪的英国,对于想要获得独立收入的中产阶级女性而言,家庭教师是一份体面的工作,但小燕妮被雇用她的那家人当作仆人一样对待。
  [⑨] 通过措辞,投票人如果反对拿破仑扩张作为皇帝的权力,同时也将反对立法议员提出的民主改革,而投票人如果投票授予拿破仑更多权力,则说明他的统治是正当的,有利于他获得更多支持。
  [⑩] 俾斯麦发动对法战争的一个重要目的是证明普鲁士的军事强大以及对德意志其他各邦的主导。他的军队出色地完成了这一目标。凭借先进的武器和出色的组织,他们迅速击溃法国军队。大多数德意志南北各邦议会同意普鲁士国王加冕为德意志第二帝国皇帝。此外,普鲁士击败法国、威廉加冕为皇帝后,欧洲大陆的军事和政治支点从巴黎转移到了柏林。普鲁士对法国可谓予取予求。
  [11] 法国在太平洋上的殖民地,用于流放犯人。
  [12] 极为可惜的是,在马克思死后,杜西和劳拉烧毁了很多信件,有的她们担心会冒犯到朋友,尤其是恩格斯,有的涉及她们自己,但她们不想留作记录。
  [13] 比如在德国,李卜克内西和倍倍尔因为在政治上的激进和国际工人协会会员的身份,在1872年被判入狱两年。
  [14] 从1874到1878年,拉法格给恩格斯写过至少28封信要钱。
  [15] 马克思写信给女儿燕妮说,每个人挂在嘴边的问题都是“您对于瓦格纳的看法怎样?这个新德意志普鲁士帝国的音乐家十分特别的地方是,他同夫人(即同毕洛夫离婚的那位夫人),同戴绿帽子的毕洛夫以及他们共同的岳父李斯特,四个人一起住在拜罗伊特并且情投意合,他们亲热相处,相互接吻,彼此相爱而且皆大欢喜”。
  [16] 在19世纪的英国,家里有人死后,尸体在下葬前安放在家里期间,窗帘一般合着,以示哀悼。葬礼后,窗帘才会拉开。




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